Mikael Koskela, Helena E. Virtanen, Wiwat Rodprasert, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Jorma Toppari, Jaakko J. Koskenniemi
{"title":"基于纵向随访的青春期睾丸体积参考尺、睾丸计和超声波测量法。","authors":"Mikael Koskela, Helena E. Virtanen, Wiwat Rodprasert, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Jorma Toppari, Jaakko J. Koskenniemi","doi":"10.1111/andr.13629","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Testicular volume is a marker of male pubertal development. Various clinical conditions and their treatments may influence testicular growth.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>To create ruler-based age-dependent pubertal testicular volume references that enable calculation of standard deviation (SD) scores.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Study cohort comprised 65 boys who attended clinical examination twice a year from the age of 8.5 years until the attainment of final testicular size. Forty-nine (75.4%) boys completed the follow-up and 16 (24.6%) boys dropped out before the attainment of final post-pubertal testicular size. At each follow-up visit testicular size was measured with a ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography. LMS or LMSP method served as the technique for creating reference growth curves for testicular volumes. Using the novel references for ruler measurements, development of SD scores was assessed in a cohort of boys with unilateral cryptorchidism.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Reference growth curves were constructed separately for ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography measurements. Median orchidometer volume of 4 mL, marker of male pubertal onset, occurred at the age of 11.7 years, whereas +2SD curve surpassed 4 mL at 10.2 years and −2SD curve at 13.7 years. Modeled ages at the attainment of 4 mL testicular volume based on ruler measurements were 9.7 years for +2SD curve, 11.5 years for median curve, and 13.6 years for −2SD curve. Ultrasonography-based volume of 1.3 mL corresponded with the median modeled orchidometer-based volume of 4 mL. In boys with unilateral cryptorchidism, ruler-based SD scores decreased during puberty in undescended testes, but not in descended testes.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The present study provides reference values for pubertal testicular volume measured with a ruler enabling an age-dependent assessment of testicular size. Comparison with measurements by an orchidometer and ultrasonography is also presented.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":7898,"journal":{"name":"Andrology","volume":"12 8","pages":"1771-1779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.13629","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Pubertal testicular volume references for ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography measurements based on a longitudinal follow-up\",\"authors\":\"Mikael Koskela, Helena E. Virtanen, Wiwat Rodprasert, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Jorma Toppari, Jaakko J. Koskenniemi\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/andr.13629\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Testicular volume is a marker of male pubertal development. Various clinical conditions and their treatments may influence testicular growth.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>To create ruler-based age-dependent pubertal testicular volume references that enable calculation of standard deviation (SD) scores.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Study cohort comprised 65 boys who attended clinical examination twice a year from the age of 8.5 years until the attainment of final testicular size. Forty-nine (75.4%) boys completed the follow-up and 16 (24.6%) boys dropped out before the attainment of final post-pubertal testicular size. At each follow-up visit testicular size was measured with a ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography. LMS or LMSP method served as the technique for creating reference growth curves for testicular volumes. Using the novel references for ruler measurements, development of SD scores was assessed in a cohort of boys with unilateral cryptorchidism.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Reference growth curves were constructed separately for ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography measurements. Median orchidometer volume of 4 mL, marker of male pubertal onset, occurred at the age of 11.7 years, whereas +2SD curve surpassed 4 mL at 10.2 years and −2SD curve at 13.7 years. Modeled ages at the attainment of 4 mL testicular volume based on ruler measurements were 9.7 years for +2SD curve, 11.5 years for median curve, and 13.6 years for −2SD curve. Ultrasonography-based volume of 1.3 mL corresponded with the median modeled orchidometer-based volume of 4 mL. In boys with unilateral cryptorchidism, ruler-based SD scores decreased during puberty in undescended testes, but not in descended testes.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>The present study provides reference values for pubertal testicular volume measured with a ruler enabling an age-dependent assessment of testicular size. 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Pubertal testicular volume references for ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography measurements based on a longitudinal follow-up
Background
Testicular volume is a marker of male pubertal development. Various clinical conditions and their treatments may influence testicular growth.
Objectives
To create ruler-based age-dependent pubertal testicular volume references that enable calculation of standard deviation (SD) scores.
Materials and Methods
Study cohort comprised 65 boys who attended clinical examination twice a year from the age of 8.5 years until the attainment of final testicular size. Forty-nine (75.4%) boys completed the follow-up and 16 (24.6%) boys dropped out before the attainment of final post-pubertal testicular size. At each follow-up visit testicular size was measured with a ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography. LMS or LMSP method served as the technique for creating reference growth curves for testicular volumes. Using the novel references for ruler measurements, development of SD scores was assessed in a cohort of boys with unilateral cryptorchidism.
Results
Reference growth curves were constructed separately for ruler, orchidometer, and ultrasonography measurements. Median orchidometer volume of 4 mL, marker of male pubertal onset, occurred at the age of 11.7 years, whereas +2SD curve surpassed 4 mL at 10.2 years and −2SD curve at 13.7 years. Modeled ages at the attainment of 4 mL testicular volume based on ruler measurements were 9.7 years for +2SD curve, 11.5 years for median curve, and 13.6 years for −2SD curve. Ultrasonography-based volume of 1.3 mL corresponded with the median modeled orchidometer-based volume of 4 mL. In boys with unilateral cryptorchidism, ruler-based SD scores decreased during puberty in undescended testes, but not in descended testes.
Discussion and Conclusion
The present study provides reference values for pubertal testicular volume measured with a ruler enabling an age-dependent assessment of testicular size. Comparison with measurements by an orchidometer and ultrasonography is also presented.
期刊介绍:
Andrology is the study of the male reproductive system and other male gender related health issues. Andrology deals with basic and clinical aspects of the male reproductive system (gonads, endocrine and accessory organs) in all species, including the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems associated with sexual development, infertility, sexual dysfunction, sex hormone action and other urological problems. In medicine, Andrology as a specialty is a recent development, as it had previously been considered a subspecialty of urology or endocrinology