{"title":"古老的玄武岩,年轻的土壤--戈兰高地高原火山土壤的年龄限制","authors":"Shikma Zaarur, Ari Matmon, Rotem Rotshtein","doi":"10.1002/esp.5798","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Golan Heights plateau in northern Israel is underlaid by volcanic rocks ranging in age from ~5.5 to 0.1 Ma. Throughout the Golan Heights, these rocks are covered by shallow soils that rarely exceed 0.5 m in depth. The soils are generally assumed to form a chronosequence, in which their ages correspond to those of the basalts they cover. Such age correspondence would imply that the soils have been slowly accumulating over hundreds of thousands to a few million years, suggesting a generally stable system. The ages of these soils and their temporal correlation to the basalts, however, have never been determined or tested.</p><p>Here, we present age constraints for the soils of the Golan Heights. Soils were surveyed and sampled with their corresponding basalt bedrock. Mass balance calculations based on conservative immobile elements, coupled with <sup>36</sup>Cl-based basalt denudation rates, suggest that the soil ages are decoupled from the ages of the underlying basalts, and represent up to a few thousand years of soil production, at most. This time frame is orders of magnitude shorter than the basalt age, challenging the prevalent assumption that the soils form a chronosequence.</p><p>Our findings strongly suggest that erosion is a significant factor controlling soil formation and accumulation on the plateau, despite the generally flat morphology of the Golan Heights. The erosion is associated with tectonic activity along the Dead Sea transform, with the development of the Kinarot and Hula valleys, and with the consequential development of drainage systems of various sizes on the plateau. Throughout the Golan Heights, the timing of volcanic activity in relation to the development of the valleys and drainage systems also appears to strongly affect soil development and accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5798","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Old basalts, young soils - Age constraints for the Golan Heights plateau volcanic soils\",\"authors\":\"Shikma Zaarur, Ari Matmon, Rotem Rotshtein\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/esp.5798\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The Golan Heights plateau in northern Israel is underlaid by volcanic rocks ranging in age from ~5.5 to 0.1 Ma. Throughout the Golan Heights, these rocks are covered by shallow soils that rarely exceed 0.5 m in depth. The soils are generally assumed to form a chronosequence, in which their ages correspond to those of the basalts they cover. Such age correspondence would imply that the soils have been slowly accumulating over hundreds of thousands to a few million years, suggesting a generally stable system. The ages of these soils and their temporal correlation to the basalts, however, have never been determined or tested.</p><p>Here, we present age constraints for the soils of the Golan Heights. Soils were surveyed and sampled with their corresponding basalt bedrock. Mass balance calculations based on conservative immobile elements, coupled with <sup>36</sup>Cl-based basalt denudation rates, suggest that the soil ages are decoupled from the ages of the underlying basalts, and represent up to a few thousand years of soil production, at most. This time frame is orders of magnitude shorter than the basalt age, challenging the prevalent assumption that the soils form a chronosequence.</p><p>Our findings strongly suggest that erosion is a significant factor controlling soil formation and accumulation on the plateau, despite the generally flat morphology of the Golan Heights. The erosion is associated with tectonic activity along the Dead Sea transform, with the development of the Kinarot and Hula valleys, and with the consequential development of drainage systems of various sizes on the plateau. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
以色列北部的戈兰高地高原被火山岩所覆盖,火山岩的年龄在 ~5.5 Ma 到 0.1 Ma 之间。在整个戈兰高地,这些岩石被深度很少超过 0.5 米的浅层土壤覆盖。一般认为,这些土壤形成了一个年代序列,其年龄与其覆盖的玄武岩年龄一致。这种年龄对应关系意味着土壤是在几十万年到几百万年的时间里缓慢累积而成的,表明这是一个总体上稳定的系统。然而,这些土壤的年龄及其与玄武岩的时间对应关系从未被确定或检验过。
Old basalts, young soils - Age constraints for the Golan Heights plateau volcanic soils
The Golan Heights plateau in northern Israel is underlaid by volcanic rocks ranging in age from ~5.5 to 0.1 Ma. Throughout the Golan Heights, these rocks are covered by shallow soils that rarely exceed 0.5 m in depth. The soils are generally assumed to form a chronosequence, in which their ages correspond to those of the basalts they cover. Such age correspondence would imply that the soils have been slowly accumulating over hundreds of thousands to a few million years, suggesting a generally stable system. The ages of these soils and their temporal correlation to the basalts, however, have never been determined or tested.
Here, we present age constraints for the soils of the Golan Heights. Soils were surveyed and sampled with their corresponding basalt bedrock. Mass balance calculations based on conservative immobile elements, coupled with 36Cl-based basalt denudation rates, suggest that the soil ages are decoupled from the ages of the underlying basalts, and represent up to a few thousand years of soil production, at most. This time frame is orders of magnitude shorter than the basalt age, challenging the prevalent assumption that the soils form a chronosequence.
Our findings strongly suggest that erosion is a significant factor controlling soil formation and accumulation on the plateau, despite the generally flat morphology of the Golan Heights. The erosion is associated with tectonic activity along the Dead Sea transform, with the development of the Kinarot and Hula valleys, and with the consequential development of drainage systems of various sizes on the plateau. Throughout the Golan Heights, the timing of volcanic activity in relation to the development of the valleys and drainage systems also appears to strongly affect soil development and accumulation.
期刊介绍:
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is an interdisciplinary international journal concerned with:
the interactions between surface processes and landforms and landscapes;
that lead to physical, chemical and biological changes; and which in turn create;
current landscapes and the geological record of past landscapes.
Its focus is core to both physical geographical and geological communities, and also the wider geosciences