微分析在地球化学和宇宙化学中的应用

IF 2.5 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Yuri Amelin, Hiroshi Hidaka
{"title":"微分析在地球化学和宇宙化学中的应用","authors":"Yuri Amelin, Hiroshi Hidaka","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Special Collection of papers presented in this volume features the proceedings of the Korea-Japan Joint Conference on the Geochemical and Cosmochemical Applications of Microanalysis that was hosted by the Korea Basic Science Institute, and was held in Ochang, South Korea, in June 2023.</p><p>Precision of chemical and isotopic analysis in geosciences is constrained by the number of atoms and molecules available for measurements and also by the inherent properties of the analytical techniques. The interplay between these factors determines the areas of micro- and macroanalyses. Here we define microanalysis in geochemistry and cosmochemistry as any chemical, isotopic or structural analysis that could have been carried out with higher precision or accuracy if the sample size (i.e., the number of atoms) available for analysis was larger. And conversely, the analyses with precision that is primarily limited by the techniques and instrumentation, and cannot be directly improved by increasing sample size, are defined as macroanalyses. The techniques of microanalyses and their advancement and application to earth and planetary sciences are the subject of this Special Collection.</p><p>More often than not, samples of geological and extraterrestrial materials are available only in limited quantities. Specimens of extraterrestrial rocks delivered by sample return space missions, mineral inclusions in other mineral grains, individual mineral grains, fluid inclusions, and components of rare meteorites are just a few examples among the innumerable materials that could have been analyzed more precisely if they were larger. Increasing sample sizes for these materials is either impossible due to limited availability, or is prevented by the need to resolve the internal heterogeneity of the samples. At the same time, the requirements to precision of isotope analysis are becoming more demanding because of the need to resolve smaller natural isotopic variations (in isotope geochemistry) and shorter time intervals (in geochronology). Improvement of sensitivity of analytical techniques without losing precision or resolution is thus of great importance for the progress of earth and planetary sciences.</p><p>Many institutions and research groups in both Korea and Japan have long-standing traditions of developing novel microanalytical techniques for earth and planetary sciences. This collection of papers provides a glimpse of some of most recent of these developments and their applications.</p><p>Jeong et al. (2024) present the U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing a femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector ICP-MS. They determined five <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages from 28.7 to 117.6 ka and two <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>206</sup>Pb ages of 743 and 785 ka. The data in this study provide chronological evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. The zircon samples analyzed in this study can serve as a reference age for Quaternary geochronology research.</p><p>Choi et al. (2024) report the development of microstructural analysis of zircons using a combination of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, in addition to commonly used cathodoluminescence (CL) and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging techniques. The authors found evidence for subsolidus recrystallization of zircons within the Ulleung syenite, suggesting either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. They conclude that the subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.</p><p>Jeong (2024) reviews the recent findings of Asian and Saharan dust particles by mineralogical and microanalytical observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. The author describes the importance of the mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles for better understanding the interactions between mineral dust and Earth environments. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.</p><p>Hidaka (2024) presents a review of isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb in planetary materials caused by neutron—capture reactions, and a new, highly efficient procedure of separation of rare earth elements, including Yb, for such analyses. The isotopic shifts of <sup>149</sup>Sm–<sup>150</sup>Sm and <sup>157</sup>Gd–<sup>158</sup>Gd are established tools for studying the history of neutron irradiation in meteorites and lunar surface materials. Extending the range of measured isotopic variations to Er and Yb allows studying the balance of the fluences between thermal and epithermal neutrons. For better understanding the neutron fluence and its energy distribution, the use of Yb isotopic variation is discussed with application to two different materials: lunar regolith and rocks from the Oklo natural reactors.</p><p>Jinnouchi et al. (2024) report a development of a new compact magnetic separator for on-site screening of geological materials. The existing compact magnetic circuits allow separation of a mixture of ferro- and ferri-magnetic minerals, but its resolution was not sufficiently high to analyze various heterogeneous particles studied in geological research. The new separator design has greatly improved separation efficiency of particles due to magnetic translation increased by a factor of ~ 2.5. The authors also established the orbit simulation program in magnetic and gravitational field, which accurately predicts the trajectory due to magnetic translation. The new device is compact and requires little electric power, allowing on-site material screening in various geological research.</p><p>Bajo and Yurimoto (2024) report the development of a nanoscale analysis technique for noble gases in solids. Noble gases are valuable tracers in geochemistry, which are used to elucidate the origin and evolution of the solar system and planets. Noble gas analyses have been previously limited to bulk and spot analyses of solids without the possibility of two- and three-dimensional imaging. Recent developments in isotope imaging using secondary neutral mass spectrometry are reviewed. The images have been fully quantified, and the spatial resolution has reached the nanoscale. With this development, the concentration distribution of He in solids has been visualized as a map for the first time.</p><p>Park and Kim (2024) determined the age of lunar zirconolites by chemical analysis using electron microprobe. The age of the zirconolites found in a granitic clast of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 is determined to be 4333 ± 14 Ma, which is consistent with the U–Pb age (4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma) of zircon grains from the same clast. The precision and accuracy are significantly improved over previously reported chemical ages of lunar zirconolites. The authors remark the applicability of electron microprobe dating for microscopic U–Th–Pb-containing minerals, especially in extraterrestrial materials.</p><p>Amelin (2024) discusses the analytical precision of Pb isotopic dating for meteorites and ancient rocks as a function of sample size and analytical performance. Considering the possible ways for minimization of sample size and the additional sources of uncertainty of isotopic ratios, the author evaluates the limits to precision. As little as 2.9 pg of radiogenic Pb with the age of 4555 Ma would be sufficient to achieve the precision of <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ratio = 0.007% (2 s) corresponding to the uncertainty of the age of 0.1 Ma in an analytical setup that is free from noises of signals, biases of isotopic ratios and losses of Pb, but larger quantities of Pb would be required to achieve similar precision with existing imperfect analytical methods.</p><p>Yi and Amelin (2024) develop a procedure for the determination of elemental abundances of U, Th and Pb and isotopic abundances of Pb in several accessory minerals by SHRIMP IIe for the purposes of understanding distribution behavior of these elements in various minerals, and interpretation of Pb isotopic ages of meteorites. The authors report the level of sensitivity below part per billion concentration and precision of ~ 20–30%, which is deemed adequate for measuring U, Th and Pb distributions in both rock-forming and accessory minerals in chondrites, achondrites and their components.</p><p>Sano et al. (2024) present a development of a new standard material for analysis of meteorite zircons, prepared by high-pressure sintering. Homogeneity of the new standard is verified with laser ablation and NanoSIMS microanalyses. Doping with hafnium oxide and tungsten oxide produced sufficiently high concentrations of Hf and W for precise determination of relative sensitivity factors. The new synthetic standard was used for determination of <sup>182</sup>Hf–<sup>182</sup>W age of zircon from the mesosiderite Asuka 882023.</p><p>The paper by Terada et al. (2024) presents a development of non-destructive isotope analysis technique using negative muon beam, and natural galena (PbS) as a test material. In Earth and planetary science, Pb isotopic composition is usually measured by mass spectrometry—a destructive technique. The authors report a development of the non-destructive isotopic measurement using an energy shift of muon-induced characteristic X-rays. The Pb isotope composition derived from characteristic X-ray spectra is consistent with mass spectrometry analyses, although cannot yet match the precision of the latter. With the further development of the high-energy-resolution X-ray detectors, isotopic measurements of various natural samples (solid, liquid and gaseous) might be eventually performed non-destructively.</p><p>Analytical developments reported in this issue can be applied to a great variety of terrestrial and planetary materials, producing improvement in analytical data, and in some cases opening completely new opportunities. We are confident that these developments will make a significant contribution to the advancement and deeper comprehension of the realms of geochemistry and cosmochemistry.</p><ul data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"><li><p>Amelin Y. Sample size and the limits to precision in Pb-isotopic dating by ID-TIMS. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Bajo KI, Yurimoto H. Nanoscale analysis of noble gas in solids. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Choi S, Yi K, Jung H, Cheong ACS. Microstructural and microchemical analysis of zircon in a syenite lithic fragment from Ulleung Island volcano, South Korea. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Hidaka H. Isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb found in planetary materials caused by neutron-capture reactions in nature. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Jeong Y-J, Jung M-J, Ahn U-S, Cheong AC-S. Laser ablation MC-ICPMS U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Jeong G-Y. Microanalysis and mineralogy of Asian and Saharan dust. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Jinnouchi S, Uyeda C, Hisayoshi K, Takayama G, Terada K. New development of compact magnetic separator for on-site material screening in various geological survey. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Park C, Kim H. Electron microprobe dating of lunar zirconolite. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Sano Y, Koyama Y, Takahata N, Koike M, Haba MK, Sakata S, Kuwahara H, Irifune T. Hf-W dating of zircon in mesosiderite with high-pressure sintered standard. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Terada K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Inagaki M, Nanbu A, Kudo T, Osawa T, Kubo K. Development of non-destructive isotope measurement of the natural galena (PbS) using negative muon beams. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Yi K, Amelin Y. SIMS study of fine-scale distribution of U, Th and Pb in meteorites. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li></ul><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea</p><p>Yuri Amelin</p></li><li><p>Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan</p><p>Hiroshi Hidaka</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Yuri Amelin</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Hiroshi Hidaka</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Yuri Amelin.</p><h3>Publisher's Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p><p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. 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Geochemical and cosmochemical application of microanalysis. <i>J Anal Sci Technol</i> <b>15</b>, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8</p><p>Download citation<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><ul data-test=\"publication-history\"><li><p>Published<span>: </span><span><time datetime=\"2024-03-08\">08 March 2024</time></span></p></li><li><p>DOI</abbr><span>: </span><span>https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8</span></p></li></ul><h3>Share this article</h3><p>Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"get shareable link\" data-track-external=\"\" data-track-label=\"button\" type=\"button\">Get shareable link</button><p>Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p><p data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"select share url\" data-track-label=\"button\"></p><button data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"copy share url\" data-track-external=\"\" data-track-label=\"button\" type=\"button\">Copy to clipboard</button><p> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p>","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Geochemical and cosmochemical application of microanalysis\",\"authors\":\"Yuri Amelin, Hiroshi Hidaka\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The Special Collection of papers presented in this volume features the proceedings of the Korea-Japan Joint Conference on the Geochemical and Cosmochemical Applications of Microanalysis that was hosted by the Korea Basic Science Institute, and was held in Ochang, South Korea, in June 2023.</p><p>Precision of chemical and isotopic analysis in geosciences is constrained by the number of atoms and molecules available for measurements and also by the inherent properties of the analytical techniques. The interplay between these factors determines the areas of micro- and macroanalyses. Here we define microanalysis in geochemistry and cosmochemistry as any chemical, isotopic or structural analysis that could have been carried out with higher precision or accuracy if the sample size (i.e., the number of atoms) available for analysis was larger. And conversely, the analyses with precision that is primarily limited by the techniques and instrumentation, and cannot be directly improved by increasing sample size, are defined as macroanalyses. The techniques of microanalyses and their advancement and application to earth and planetary sciences are the subject of this Special Collection.</p><p>More often than not, samples of geological and extraterrestrial materials are available only in limited quantities. Specimens of extraterrestrial rocks delivered by sample return space missions, mineral inclusions in other mineral grains, individual mineral grains, fluid inclusions, and components of rare meteorites are just a few examples among the innumerable materials that could have been analyzed more precisely if they were larger. Increasing sample sizes for these materials is either impossible due to limited availability, or is prevented by the need to resolve the internal heterogeneity of the samples. At the same time, the requirements to precision of isotope analysis are becoming more demanding because of the need to resolve smaller natural isotopic variations (in isotope geochemistry) and shorter time intervals (in geochronology). Improvement of sensitivity of analytical techniques without losing precision or resolution is thus of great importance for the progress of earth and planetary sciences.</p><p>Many institutions and research groups in both Korea and Japan have long-standing traditions of developing novel microanalytical techniques for earth and planetary sciences. This collection of papers provides a glimpse of some of most recent of these developments and their applications.</p><p>Jeong et al. (2024) present the U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing a femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector ICP-MS. They determined five <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages from 28.7 to 117.6 ka and two <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>206</sup>Pb ages of 743 and 785 ka. The data in this study provide chronological evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. The zircon samples analyzed in this study can serve as a reference age for Quaternary geochronology research.</p><p>Choi et al. (2024) report the development of microstructural analysis of zircons using a combination of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, in addition to commonly used cathodoluminescence (CL) and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging techniques. The authors found evidence for subsolidus recrystallization of zircons within the Ulleung syenite, suggesting either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. They conclude that the subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.</p><p>Jeong (2024) reviews the recent findings of Asian and Saharan dust particles by mineralogical and microanalytical observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. The author describes the importance of the mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles for better understanding the interactions between mineral dust and Earth environments. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.</p><p>Hidaka (2024) presents a review of isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb in planetary materials caused by neutron—capture reactions, and a new, highly efficient procedure of separation of rare earth elements, including Yb, for such analyses. The isotopic shifts of <sup>149</sup>Sm–<sup>150</sup>Sm and <sup>157</sup>Gd–<sup>158</sup>Gd are established tools for studying the history of neutron irradiation in meteorites and lunar surface materials. Extending the range of measured isotopic variations to Er and Yb allows studying the balance of the fluences between thermal and epithermal neutrons. For better understanding the neutron fluence and its energy distribution, the use of Yb isotopic variation is discussed with application to two different materials: lunar regolith and rocks from the Oklo natural reactors.</p><p>Jinnouchi et al. (2024) report a development of a new compact magnetic separator for on-site screening of geological materials. The existing compact magnetic circuits allow separation of a mixture of ferro- and ferri-magnetic minerals, but its resolution was not sufficiently high to analyze various heterogeneous particles studied in geological research. The new separator design has greatly improved separation efficiency of particles due to magnetic translation increased by a factor of ~ 2.5. The authors also established the orbit simulation program in magnetic and gravitational field, which accurately predicts the trajectory due to magnetic translation. The new device is compact and requires little electric power, allowing on-site material screening in various geological research.</p><p>Bajo and Yurimoto (2024) report the development of a nanoscale analysis technique for noble gases in solids. Noble gases are valuable tracers in geochemistry, which are used to elucidate the origin and evolution of the solar system and planets. Noble gas analyses have been previously limited to bulk and spot analyses of solids without the possibility of two- and three-dimensional imaging. Recent developments in isotope imaging using secondary neutral mass spectrometry are reviewed. The images have been fully quantified, and the spatial resolution has reached the nanoscale. With this development, the concentration distribution of He in solids has been visualized as a map for the first time.</p><p>Park and Kim (2024) determined the age of lunar zirconolites by chemical analysis using electron microprobe. The age of the zirconolites found in a granitic clast of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 is determined to be 4333 ± 14 Ma, which is consistent with the U–Pb age (4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma) of zircon grains from the same clast. The precision and accuracy are significantly improved over previously reported chemical ages of lunar zirconolites. The authors remark the applicability of electron microprobe dating for microscopic U–Th–Pb-containing minerals, especially in extraterrestrial materials.</p><p>Amelin (2024) discusses the analytical precision of Pb isotopic dating for meteorites and ancient rocks as a function of sample size and analytical performance. Considering the possible ways for minimization of sample size and the additional sources of uncertainty of isotopic ratios, the author evaluates the limits to precision. As little as 2.9 pg of radiogenic Pb with the age of 4555 Ma would be sufficient to achieve the precision of <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ratio = 0.007% (2 s) corresponding to the uncertainty of the age of 0.1 Ma in an analytical setup that is free from noises of signals, biases of isotopic ratios and losses of Pb, but larger quantities of Pb would be required to achieve similar precision with existing imperfect analytical methods.</p><p>Yi and Amelin (2024) develop a procedure for the determination of elemental abundances of U, Th and Pb and isotopic abundances of Pb in several accessory minerals by SHRIMP IIe for the purposes of understanding distribution behavior of these elements in various minerals, and interpretation of Pb isotopic ages of meteorites. The authors report the level of sensitivity below part per billion concentration and precision of ~ 20–30%, which is deemed adequate for measuring U, Th and Pb distributions in both rock-forming and accessory minerals in chondrites, achondrites and their components.</p><p>Sano et al. (2024) present a development of a new standard material for analysis of meteorite zircons, prepared by high-pressure sintering. Homogeneity of the new standard is verified with laser ablation and NanoSIMS microanalyses. Doping with hafnium oxide and tungsten oxide produced sufficiently high concentrations of Hf and W for precise determination of relative sensitivity factors. The new synthetic standard was used for determination of <sup>182</sup>Hf–<sup>182</sup>W age of zircon from the mesosiderite Asuka 882023.</p><p>The paper by Terada et al. (2024) presents a development of non-destructive isotope analysis technique using negative muon beam, and natural galena (PbS) as a test material. In Earth and planetary science, Pb isotopic composition is usually measured by mass spectrometry—a destructive technique. The authors report a development of the non-destructive isotopic measurement using an energy shift of muon-induced characteristic X-rays. The Pb isotope composition derived from characteristic X-ray spectra is consistent with mass spectrometry analyses, although cannot yet match the precision of the latter. With the further development of the high-energy-resolution X-ray detectors, isotopic measurements of various natural samples (solid, liquid and gaseous) might be eventually performed non-destructively.</p><p>Analytical developments reported in this issue can be applied to a great variety of terrestrial and planetary materials, producing improvement in analytical data, and in some cases opening completely new opportunities. We are confident that these developments will make a significant contribution to the advancement and deeper comprehension of the realms of geochemistry and cosmochemistry.</p><ul data-track-component=\\\"outbound reference\\\"><li><p>Amelin Y. Sample size and the limits to precision in Pb-isotopic dating by ID-TIMS. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Bajo KI, Yurimoto H. Nanoscale analysis of noble gas in solids. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Choi S, Yi K, Jung H, Cheong ACS. Microstructural and microchemical analysis of zircon in a syenite lithic fragment from Ulleung Island volcano, South Korea. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Hidaka H. Isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb found in planetary materials caused by neutron-capture reactions in nature. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Jeong Y-J, Jung M-J, Ahn U-S, Cheong AC-S. Laser ablation MC-ICPMS U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Jeong G-Y. Microanalysis and mineralogy of Asian and Saharan dust. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Jinnouchi S, Uyeda C, Hisayoshi K, Takayama G, Terada K. New development of compact magnetic separator for on-site material screening in various geological survey. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).</p></li><li><p>Park C, Kim H. Electron microprobe dating of lunar zirconolite. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Sano Y, Koyama Y, Takahata N, Koike M, Haba MK, Sakata S, Kuwahara H, Irifune T. Hf-W dating of zircon in mesosiderite with high-pressure sintered standard. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Terada K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Inagaki M, Nanbu A, Kudo T, Osawa T, Kubo K. Development of non-destructive isotope measurement of the natural galena (PbS) using negative muon beams. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li><li><p>Yi K, Amelin Y. SIMS study of fine-scale distribution of U, Th and Pb in meteorites. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).</p></li></ul><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"16\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" width=\\\"16\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"></use></svg></p><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea</p><p>Yuri Amelin</p></li><li><p>Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan</p><p>Hiroshi Hidaka</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Yuri Amelin</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Hiroshi Hidaka</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Yuri Amelin.</p><h3>Publisher's Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p><p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. 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摘要

将测量的同位素变化范围扩大到铒和镱,可以研究热中子和表生中子之间的通量平衡。为了更好地理解中子通量及其能量分布,讨论了镱同位素变化在两种不同材料中的应用:月球碎屑和来自奥克洛天然反应堆的岩石。现有的紧凑型磁路可分离铁磁性和铁磁性矿物混合物,但其分辨率不够高,无法分析地质研究中研究的各种异质颗粒。新的分离器设计大大提高了颗粒的分离效率,因为磁平移提高了 ~ 2.5 倍。作者还建立了磁场和引力场中的轨道模拟程序,可准确预测磁平移引起的轨迹。Bajo 和 Yurimoto(2024 年)报告了固体中惰性气体纳米级分析技术的发展情况。惰性气体是地球化学中宝贵的示踪剂,用于阐明太阳系和行星的起源和演化。惰性气体分析以前仅限于对固体进行块状和点状分析,无法进行二维和三维成像。本文回顾了利用二次中性质谱法进行同位素成像的最新进展。图像已经完全量化,空间分辨率达到纳米级。Park 和 Kim(2024 年)利用电子显微探针进行化学分析,确定了月球锆英石的年龄。在月球陨石 DEW 12007 的花岗岩碎屑中发现的锆石的年龄被测定为 4333 ± 14 Ma,这与来自同一碎屑的锆石颗粒的 U-Pb 年龄(4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma)一致。与以前报告的月球锆石化学年龄相比,其精确度和准确性都有很大提高。Amelin(2024 年)讨论了陨石和古代岩石铅同位素年代测定的分析精度与样品大小和分析性能的关系。考虑到最小化样本量的可能方法和同位素比值不确定性的额外来源,作者评估了精确度的限制。只要 2.9 pg 年龄为 4555 Ma 的放射性铅就足以达到 207Pb/206Pb 比率 = 0.007% (2 s)的精度,相当于在没有信号噪声、同位素比率偏差和铅损失的分析装置中 0.1 Ma 年龄的不确定性。Yi 和 Amelin(2024 年)制定了一套程序,利用 SHRIMP IIe 测定 U、Th 和 Pb 的元素丰度以及几种附属矿物中 Pb 的同位素丰度,目的是了解这些元素在各种矿物中的分布情况,并解释陨石的 Pb 同位素年龄。作者报告了低于十亿分之一浓度的灵敏度水平和大约 20-30% 的精度,这被认为足以测量形成岩石的矿物和附属矿物中的 U、Th 和 Pb 分布情况。通过激光烧蚀和 NanoSIMS 显微分析验证了新标准的均匀性。氧化铪和氧化钨的掺杂产生了足够高浓度的铪和钨,可用于精确测定相对灵敏度因子。Terada 等人(2024 年)的论文介绍了利用负μ介子束和天然方铅矿(PbS)作为测试材料开发的非破坏性同位素分析技术。在地球和行星科学中,铅同位素组成通常是通过质谱法--一种破坏性技术--来测量的。作者报告了利用μ介子诱导特征 X 射线的能量转移进行非破坏性同位素测量的进展。从特征 X 射线光谱得出的铅同位素组成与质谱分析结果一致,但还无法达到后者的精度。
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Geochemical and cosmochemical application of microanalysis

The Special Collection of papers presented in this volume features the proceedings of the Korea-Japan Joint Conference on the Geochemical and Cosmochemical Applications of Microanalysis that was hosted by the Korea Basic Science Institute, and was held in Ochang, South Korea, in June 2023.

Precision of chemical and isotopic analysis in geosciences is constrained by the number of atoms and molecules available for measurements and also by the inherent properties of the analytical techniques. The interplay between these factors determines the areas of micro- and macroanalyses. Here we define microanalysis in geochemistry and cosmochemistry as any chemical, isotopic or structural analysis that could have been carried out with higher precision or accuracy if the sample size (i.e., the number of atoms) available for analysis was larger. And conversely, the analyses with precision that is primarily limited by the techniques and instrumentation, and cannot be directly improved by increasing sample size, are defined as macroanalyses. The techniques of microanalyses and their advancement and application to earth and planetary sciences are the subject of this Special Collection.

More often than not, samples of geological and extraterrestrial materials are available only in limited quantities. Specimens of extraterrestrial rocks delivered by sample return space missions, mineral inclusions in other mineral grains, individual mineral grains, fluid inclusions, and components of rare meteorites are just a few examples among the innumerable materials that could have been analyzed more precisely if they were larger. Increasing sample sizes for these materials is either impossible due to limited availability, or is prevented by the need to resolve the internal heterogeneity of the samples. At the same time, the requirements to precision of isotope analysis are becoming more demanding because of the need to resolve smaller natural isotopic variations (in isotope geochemistry) and shorter time intervals (in geochronology). Improvement of sensitivity of analytical techniques without losing precision or resolution is thus of great importance for the progress of earth and planetary sciences.

Many institutions and research groups in both Korea and Japan have long-standing traditions of developing novel microanalytical techniques for earth and planetary sciences. This collection of papers provides a glimpse of some of most recent of these developments and their applications.

Jeong et al. (2024) present the U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing a femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector ICP-MS. They determined five 238U–230Th ages from 28.7 to 117.6 ka and two 238U–206Pb ages of 743 and 785 ka. The data in this study provide chronological evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. The zircon samples analyzed in this study can serve as a reference age for Quaternary geochronology research.

Choi et al. (2024) report the development of microstructural analysis of zircons using a combination of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, in addition to commonly used cathodoluminescence (CL) and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging techniques. The authors found evidence for subsolidus recrystallization of zircons within the Ulleung syenite, suggesting either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. They conclude that the subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.

Jeong (2024) reviews the recent findings of Asian and Saharan dust particles by mineralogical and microanalytical observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. The author describes the importance of the mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles for better understanding the interactions between mineral dust and Earth environments. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.

Hidaka (2024) presents a review of isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb in planetary materials caused by neutron—capture reactions, and a new, highly efficient procedure of separation of rare earth elements, including Yb, for such analyses. The isotopic shifts of 149Sm–150Sm and 157Gd–158Gd are established tools for studying the history of neutron irradiation in meteorites and lunar surface materials. Extending the range of measured isotopic variations to Er and Yb allows studying the balance of the fluences between thermal and epithermal neutrons. For better understanding the neutron fluence and its energy distribution, the use of Yb isotopic variation is discussed with application to two different materials: lunar regolith and rocks from the Oklo natural reactors.

Jinnouchi et al. (2024) report a development of a new compact magnetic separator for on-site screening of geological materials. The existing compact magnetic circuits allow separation of a mixture of ferro- and ferri-magnetic minerals, but its resolution was not sufficiently high to analyze various heterogeneous particles studied in geological research. The new separator design has greatly improved separation efficiency of particles due to magnetic translation increased by a factor of ~ 2.5. The authors also established the orbit simulation program in magnetic and gravitational field, which accurately predicts the trajectory due to magnetic translation. The new device is compact and requires little electric power, allowing on-site material screening in various geological research.

Bajo and Yurimoto (2024) report the development of a nanoscale analysis technique for noble gases in solids. Noble gases are valuable tracers in geochemistry, which are used to elucidate the origin and evolution of the solar system and planets. Noble gas analyses have been previously limited to bulk and spot analyses of solids without the possibility of two- and three-dimensional imaging. Recent developments in isotope imaging using secondary neutral mass spectrometry are reviewed. The images have been fully quantified, and the spatial resolution has reached the nanoscale. With this development, the concentration distribution of He in solids has been visualized as a map for the first time.

Park and Kim (2024) determined the age of lunar zirconolites by chemical analysis using electron microprobe. The age of the zirconolites found in a granitic clast of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 is determined to be 4333 ± 14 Ma, which is consistent with the U–Pb age (4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma) of zircon grains from the same clast. The precision and accuracy are significantly improved over previously reported chemical ages of lunar zirconolites. The authors remark the applicability of electron microprobe dating for microscopic U–Th–Pb-containing minerals, especially in extraterrestrial materials.

Amelin (2024) discusses the analytical precision of Pb isotopic dating for meteorites and ancient rocks as a function of sample size and analytical performance. Considering the possible ways for minimization of sample size and the additional sources of uncertainty of isotopic ratios, the author evaluates the limits to precision. As little as 2.9 pg of radiogenic Pb with the age of 4555 Ma would be sufficient to achieve the precision of 207Pb/206Pb ratio = 0.007% (2 s) corresponding to the uncertainty of the age of 0.1 Ma in an analytical setup that is free from noises of signals, biases of isotopic ratios and losses of Pb, but larger quantities of Pb would be required to achieve similar precision with existing imperfect analytical methods.

Yi and Amelin (2024) develop a procedure for the determination of elemental abundances of U, Th and Pb and isotopic abundances of Pb in several accessory minerals by SHRIMP IIe for the purposes of understanding distribution behavior of these elements in various minerals, and interpretation of Pb isotopic ages of meteorites. The authors report the level of sensitivity below part per billion concentration and precision of ~ 20–30%, which is deemed adequate for measuring U, Th and Pb distributions in both rock-forming and accessory minerals in chondrites, achondrites and their components.

Sano et al. (2024) present a development of a new standard material for analysis of meteorite zircons, prepared by high-pressure sintering. Homogeneity of the new standard is verified with laser ablation and NanoSIMS microanalyses. Doping with hafnium oxide and tungsten oxide produced sufficiently high concentrations of Hf and W for precise determination of relative sensitivity factors. The new synthetic standard was used for determination of 182Hf–182W age of zircon from the mesosiderite Asuka 882023.

The paper by Terada et al. (2024) presents a development of non-destructive isotope analysis technique using negative muon beam, and natural galena (PbS) as a test material. In Earth and planetary science, Pb isotopic composition is usually measured by mass spectrometry—a destructive technique. The authors report a development of the non-destructive isotopic measurement using an energy shift of muon-induced characteristic X-rays. The Pb isotope composition derived from characteristic X-ray spectra is consistent with mass spectrometry analyses, although cannot yet match the precision of the latter. With the further development of the high-energy-resolution X-ray detectors, isotopic measurements of various natural samples (solid, liquid and gaseous) might be eventually performed non-destructively.

Analytical developments reported in this issue can be applied to a great variety of terrestrial and planetary materials, producing improvement in analytical data, and in some cases opening completely new opportunities. We are confident that these developments will make a significant contribution to the advancement and deeper comprehension of the realms of geochemistry and cosmochemistry.

  • Amelin Y. Sample size and the limits to precision in Pb-isotopic dating by ID-TIMS. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).

  • Bajo KI, Yurimoto H. Nanoscale analysis of noble gas in solids. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).

  • Choi S, Yi K, Jung H, Cheong ACS. Microstructural and microchemical analysis of zircon in a syenite lithic fragment from Ulleung Island volcano, South Korea. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).

  • Hidaka H. Isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb found in planetary materials caused by neutron-capture reactions in nature. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).

  • Jeong Y-J, Jung M-J, Ahn U-S, Cheong AC-S. Laser ablation MC-ICPMS U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).

  • Jeong G-Y. Microanalysis and mineralogy of Asian and Saharan dust. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).

  • Jinnouchi S, Uyeda C, Hisayoshi K, Takayama G, Terada K. New development of compact magnetic separator for on-site material screening in various geological survey. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (in press).

  • Park C, Kim H. Electron microprobe dating of lunar zirconolite. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).

  • Sano Y, Koyama Y, Takahata N, Koike M, Haba MK, Sakata S, Kuwahara H, Irifune T. Hf-W dating of zircon in mesosiderite with high-pressure sintered standard. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).

  • Terada K, Ninomiya K, Sato A, Tomono D, Kawashima Y, Inagaki M, Nanbu A, Kudo T, Osawa T, Kubo K. Development of non-destructive isotope measurement of the natural galena (PbS) using negative muon beams. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).

  • Yi K, Amelin Y. SIMS study of fine-scale distribution of U, Th and Pb in meteorites. J Anal Sci Technol. 2024 (under revision).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea

    Yuri Amelin

  2. Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Hiroshi Hidaka

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Amelin, Y., Hidaka, H. Geochemical and cosmochemical application of microanalysis. J Anal Sci Technol 15, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8

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来源期刊
Journal of Analytical Science and Technology
Journal of Analytical Science and Technology Environmental Science-General Environmental Science
CiteScore
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4.20%
发文量
39
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Analytical Science and Technology (JAST) is a fully open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published under the brand SpringerOpen. JAST was launched by Korea Basic Science Institute in 2010. JAST publishes original research and review articles on all aspects of analytical principles, techniques, methods, procedures, and equipment. JAST’s vision is to be an internationally influential and widely read analytical science journal. Our mission is to inform and stimulate researchers to make significant professional achievements in science. We aim to provide scientists, researchers, and students worldwide with unlimited access to the latest advances of the analytical sciences.
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