疼痛的反刺激会抑制对厌恶性高音的反应:NPU范式中触发的状态焦虑和状态恐惧的作用。

Silvia Metzger, Claudia Horn-Hofmann, Miriam Kunz, Stefan Lautenbacher
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究目的施加有毒刺激会降低对其他疼痛刺激的感知和反应。这种抑制作用可以通过一种叫做 "反刺激 "的方法进行实验评估。问题是,反刺激是否也会影响对厌恶但非痛觉刺激(如响声)的感知和反应。由于厌恶性刺激通常与状态焦虑或状态恐惧有关,因此我们还调查了这些情绪对反刺激的调节作用。我们首先单独呈现具有厌恶响度(105 dB)的音调,然后在反刺激过程中(将手浸泡在 46 °C 的热水中)评估响度感知的抑制和反应性。通过使用基于经典条件反射的 "中性-可预测(恐惧)-不可预测(焦虑)范式"(NPU),研究了状态焦虑和状态恐惧对反刺激的影响。对响度评级(对厌恶音调的感知)和惊跳反射(对厌恶音调的防御反应)进行了评估:结果:反刺激降低了惊跳反射幅度,但没有降低响度等级。虽然成功诱导了状态焦虑和状态恐惧,但反刺激仍然不受影响:我们的研究表明,疼痛会抑制对厌恶刺激(响声)的反应。因此,将 "疼痛抑制疼痛 "的假设改为 "疼痛抑制厌恶 "可能会更好。因此,我们的研究结果也可能会对 "条件性疼痛调节"(CPM)等理论方法所假设的抑制作用具有明确的疼痛特异性这一假设提出质疑。此外,反刺激似乎还能抵抗负面情绪的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Counterirritation by pain inhibits the responsiveness to aversive loud tones: the role of state anxiety and state fear triggered in the NPU paradigm.

Aim of the study: The application of a noxious stimulus reduces the perception and responsiveness to other pain stimuli. This inhibition can be experimentally assessed with a method called 'counterirritation'. The question arises if counterirritation acts also on the perception and responsiveness to aversive but non-nociceptive stimuli (e.g., loud tones). Since aversive stimulation is often associated with state anxiety or state fear, we investigated in addition the modulatory effects of these emotions on counterirritation.

Material and methods: 51 subjects participated in our study. We presented tones with aversive loudness (105 dB), first alone then during counterirritation (immersion of the hand in a hot water bath of 46 °C) to assess inhibition of loudness perception and responsiveness. Influences of state anxiety and state fear on counterirritation were investigated by using the Neutral-Predictable(fear)- Unpredictable(anxiety) Paradigm (NPU), which is based on classical conditioning. Loudness ratings (perception of the aversive tones) and startle reflex (defensive reaction to aversive tones) were assessed.

Results: Counterirritation reduced startle reflex amplitudes, but not the loudness ratings. Although state anxiety and state fear were successfully induced, counterirritation remained unaffected.

Conclusions: Our study showed that pain inhibits the responsiveness to aversive stimuli (loud tones). Thus, the postulate that 'pain inhibits pain' might be better changed to 'pain inhibits aversiveness'. Consequently, our findings may also question the assumption of a clear pain specificity in inhibitory action as assumed by theoretical approaches like 'conditioned pain modulation' (CPM). Furthermore, counterirritation appeared one more time resistant to the influence of negative emotions.

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