A systematic review of Behaviour Change Interventions to improve exercise self-efficacy and adherence in people with Parkinson's disease using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Physical activity and exercise can limit the development of sarcopenia in Parkinson's Disease. This review aims to evaluate the potential effects of behavioural change (BC) interventions on exercise self-efficacy and adherence in people with Parkinson's. We searched nine databases and included randomised and non-randomised studies reporting exercise self-efficacy, quality of life (QoL), physical function and/or exercise adherence. Two reviewers independently screened, data extracted, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence. The interventions were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Eleven studies (n=901) were included. Four were randomised trials and risk of bias was mixed. Most interventions were multi-component, including education, behavioural techniques, and support groups. The most effective domains appear to be Behavioural regulation, Belief about Capabilities, Social influences, Reinforcement and Goals. Future research should examine multi-component BC interventions encompassing the five most effective TDF domains.