Uveal metastasis arising from thyroid neoplasms: A case study synthesis.

Purpose: We systematically reviewed the case report literature to identify cases of uveal metastases originating from thyroid cancer (TC), evaluate factors and indications in uveal metastases from TC, and provide clinical insights through recent case studies.

Methods: Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched for case reports or series reporting uveal metastasis from a thyroid neoplasm. Articles published in any language from inception through November 2022 were searched and screened independently by two reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports.

Results: A total of 1049 records were screened, resulting in the identification of 46 cases from 43 studies. The mean (SD) age at uveal metastases diagnosis was 58.44 (±17.99) years with the median (interquartile range) of 56.5 (29.75) (range, 20-83 years), with 34.8% of cases (16/46) cases reported in elderly patients (>64 years). The sample consisted of 56.5% (26/46) male patients. Uveal metastases were observed in the right eye in 16 cases, the left eye in 19 cases, and both eyes in 11 cases. Choroidal involvement was present in 84.8% of cases (39/46) cases. Papillary carcinoma was the most common thyroid cancer type (34.8%, 16/46), followed by follicular carcinoma (32.6%, 15/46), and medullary carcinoma (21.7%, 10/46).

Conclusion: Uveal metastases have been observed to appear in metastatic TC, and physicians should approach ocular symptoms cautiously in cases that accompany a neck mass or a history of previous TC.