Establishment of tissue culture regeneration system of Ficus tikoua

Ficus tikoua Bureau is an ecologically functional perennial vine that belongs to the Moraceae family. Tissue culture is a common method for the rapid propagation of plants and is suitable for the rapid propagation of F. tikoua. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the process of F. tikoua organogenesis in vitro utilizing stem explants. An efficient tissue culture propagation method was developed by manipulating several plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their proportions, as well as evaluating alternative medium options for specific phases of differentiation. Explants were cultured on MS medium, supplemented with various thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), to investigate their efficacy during in vitro shoot organogenesis. The results demonstrated that the combination of 0.5 mg L⁻¹ BA, 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NAA, and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ TDZ was the most effective for callus formation (91.1%) and that the combination of 2.0 mg L⁻¹ BA and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ TDZ was the most suited for adventitious shoot induction (61.11%). The medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ BA, 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NAA, and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ TDZ yielded the highest bud multiplication number with a 6.05 proliferation factor. The cultured shoots rooted easily on half-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg L⁻¹ IBA and 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA (68.52%). The subsequent regenerated plants were grown in a mixture of garden soil, perlite, and vermiculite in a ratio of 2:1:1, resulting in a survival rate of 86.17%.