栽培蘑菇上真菌病原体的物种多样性:羊肚菌(Morchella,Pezizales)案例研究

IF 24.5 1区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY
Feng-Ming Yu, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Thatsanee Luangharn, Xiang-Yu Zeng, Cui-Jin-Yi Li, Shu-Xin Bao, Hong Ba, De-Qun Zhou, Song-Ming Tang, Kevin D. Hyde, Qi Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

蘑菇因其对人类的营养和药用价值而成为重要的生物。随着食用菌种植的扩大,真菌疾病已成为限制其产量的一个主要问题。许多真菌都会导致蘑菇变形或腐烂。在本出版物中,我们报告了在中国栽培桑黄菌过程中发现的真菌疾病,重点是通过形态学和系统发育来描述物种特征。主要发现包括:1)在下菌纲中建立了一个新的科 Albomorchellophilaceae,以及一个新的单型属 Albomorchellophila,模式种为 A. morchellae。分歧时间估计表明,Albomorchellophilaceae 与其姊妹科 Calcarisporiaceae 的分歧时间约为 105 (92-120) MYY。105 (92-120) MYA;2)修订了假地孢科(Hypocreales)的系统发育和形态。该科包含一个假袋孢属。对长孢假双孢菌(Pseudodiploospora longispora)的种内遗传分析表明,菌株间存在显著的碱基差异,特别是在蛋白编码基因 RPB 2 和 TEF 区域;3)首次报道了四个真菌性类群,即 Cylindrodendrum alicantinum、Hypomyces aurantius、Hypomyces rosellus 和 Trichothecium roseum,是栽培羊肚菌的假定病原体。此外,之前报道的羊肚菌病原体 Clonostachys rosea、Clonostachys solani、Hypomyces odoratus 和 Pseudodiploospora longispora 的症状和形态也得到了详细说明;4)重新评估了之前归入 Pseudodiploosporeaceae 的 "Zelopaecilomyces "的系统发育和形态。经证明,"Zelopaecilomyces "是由来自两种不同生物的基因片段嵌合而成的。因此,建议不承认 "Zelopaecilomyces",原因是系统发育中的分子数据混杂,且缺乏形态学证据的支持。此外,本研究讨论的凭证标本 Paecilomyces penicillatus(CBS 448.69)可能包含两个混合类群,即 Pseudodiploospora longispora 和青霉的一个成员。有关栽培蘑菇病原真菌的出版物非常零散,导致人们对病原菌缺乏了解。作为羊肚菌栽培病害的后续研究,我们还回顾了过去四十年中报道的栽培蘑菇真菌病害。影响主要栽培蘑菇生长和发育的病原体超过 130 种。这些病原体的分类多样性很高,分布在 58 属、40 科、20 目、12 类和 6 门中。所感染的宿主从子囊菌界到担子菌界都有,主要是姬松茸、冬虫夏草、莫氏菌属和羊肚菌属。 这项研究不仅丰富了我们目前对栽培蘑菇(尤其是羊肚菌)病原体多样性的了解,还认识到一些类群作为潜在病原体的重要性。分类调查和准确鉴定是了解病原体与蘑菇之间相互作用的最初和关键步骤,并将为蘑菇产业带来更好的疾病管理策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Species diversity of fungal pathogens on cultivated mushrooms: a case study on morels (Morchella, Pezizales)

Species diversity of fungal pathogens on cultivated mushrooms: a case study on morels (Morchella, Pezizales)

Mushrooms are important organisms because of their human nutritional and medicinal value. With the expansion of the cultivation of edible mushrooms, fungal diseases have become a major problem in limiting their production. Numerous fungi can cause mushroom deformation or rots. In this publication we report on fungal diseases found during Morchella cultivation in China, with emphasis on morphology and phylogeny to characterise species. The key findings include 1) establishment of a new family Albomorchellophilaceae in Hypocreales, and a novel monotypic genus Albomorchellophila with the type species A. morchellae. Divergence time estimates indicate that Albomorchellophilaceae diverged from its sister family Calcarisporiaceae at ca. 105 (92–120) MYA; 2) the phylogeny and morphology of the family Pseudodiploosporeaceae (Hypocreales) is revised. The family contains a single genus Pseudodiploospora. Intraspecific genetic analyses of Pseudodiploospora longispora reveals significant base differences within strains, especially in the regions of protein-coding genes RPB 2 and TEF; 3) four fungicolous taxa, i.e., Cylindrodendrum alicantinum, Hypomyces aurantius, Hypomyces rosellus, and Trichothecium roseum, are reported as putative pathogens on cultivated morels for the first time. In addition, the previously reported pathogens of morels, Clonostachys rosea, Clonostachys solani, Hypomyces odoratus, and Pseudodiploospora longispora are also detailed in their symptoms and morphology; 4) the phylogeny and morphology of “Zelopaecilomyces” previously placed within Pseudodiploosporeaceae are re-assessed. “Zelopaecilomyces” is proved to be introduced through a chimerism of gene fragments sourced from two distinct organisms. Consequently, it is recommended that “Zelopaecilomyces” should not be recognised due to the mixed up molecular data in phylogeny and a lack of support from morphological evidence. Furthermore, this study discusses the voucher specimen Paecilomyces penicillatus (CBS 448.69), which may contain two mixed taxa, i.e., Pseudodiploospora longispora and a member of Penicillium. Publications on pathogenic fungi of cultivated mushrooms is sporadically, which leads to a lack of understanding of causal agents. As a follow up to the diseases of morel cultivation, we also review the fungal diseases of cultivated mushrooms reported over the last four decades. More than 130 pathogens affect the growth and development of the main cultivated mushrooms. The taxonomic diversity of these pathogens is high, distributed in 58 genera, 40 families, 20 orders, 12 classes and six phyla. The host infected are from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, mainly being reported from Agaricus bisporus, Cordyceps militaris, Morchella spp., and Pleurotus spp. This study not only enriches our current knowledge on the diversity of pathogens of cultivated mushrooms, especially morels, but also recognizes the importance of some taxa as potential pathogens. Taxonomic investigation and accurate identification are initial and key steps to understanding pathogen-mushroom interactions, and will result in better disease management strategies in the mushroom industry.

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来源期刊
Fungal Diversity
Fungal Diversity 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
44.80
自引率
9.90%
发文量
17
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Fungal Diversity, the official journal of the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is an international, peer-reviewed journal covering all aspects of mycology. It prioritizes papers on biodiversity, systematic, and molecular phylogeny. While it welcomes novel research and review articles, authors aiming to publish checklists are advised to seek regional journals, and the introduction of new species and genera should generally be supported by molecular data. Published articles undergo peer review and are accessible online first with a permanent DOI, making them citable as the official Version of Record according to NISO RP-8-2008 standards. Any necessary corrections after online publication require the publication of an Erratum.
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