{"title":"利用双端光读出和基于条带的行列电子读出,可实现 DOI 和 TOF 功能的 PET 阵列探测器","authors":"Fei Wang;Chien-Min Kao;Xiaoyu Zhang;Linfeng Liu;Yuexuan Hua;Heejong Kim;Woon-Seng Choong;Qingguo Xie","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3360942","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$N\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$N\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$N\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4\\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n and \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$8\\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3}\\,\\,\\times3.0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n-mm\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3}\\,\\,\\times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n-mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n4 to 8\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n8.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"DOI- and TOF-Capable PET Array Detector Using Double-Ended Light Readout and Stripline-Based Row and Column Electronic Readout\",\"authors\":\"Fei Wang;Chien-Min Kao;Xiaoyu Zhang;Linfeng Liu;Yuexuan Hua;Heejong Kim;Woon-Seng Choong;Qingguo Xie\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3360942\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$N\\\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$N\\\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$N\\\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4\\\\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n and \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$8\\\\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3}\\\\,\\\\,\\\\times3.0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n-mm\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{3}\\\\,\\\\,\\\\times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n-mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n4 to 8\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n8.\",\"PeriodicalId\":46807,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10418168/\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10418168/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
我们研究了一种用于交互深度(DOI)和飞行时间 PET 检测器的高复用读出装置,该装置由 N 次 N 元晶体组成,其前后端的光输出通过硅光电倍增管(SiPM)进行检测。前端 N 次 N 个硅光电倍增管阵列通过使用条纹线(SL)读取,条纹线的配置支持对产生信号的晶体的行位置进行区分。后面的 N/times N$ SiPM 阵列同样也是通过一个 SL 来读取,以进行列分辨。因此,检测器只有四个输出。我们使用 3.0mm $^{3}\\times3.0$ -mm $^{3}\\times20$ -mm3 镥钇氧硅酸盐制造了 $4\times4$ 和 $8\times8$ 的探测器模块(DM)。对输出结果进行了采样和离线处理。对于两种 DM,晶体辨别都很成功。对于 4 倍的 4 DM,我们获得的平均能量分辨率(ER)为 14.1%,平均 DOI 分辨率为 2.5 mm,非 DOI 校正的重合分辨时间(CRT)(与单像素参考探测器(refDet)重合测量)约为 495ps。对于 8 $\times $ 8 DM,平均 ER、平均 DOI 分辨率和平均 CRT 分别为 16.4%、2.9 mm 和 641ps。当DM从4乘以4增加到8乘以8时,我们发现晶间散射可能是CRT恶化的原因。
DOI- and TOF-Capable PET Array Detector Using Double-Ended Light Readout and Stripline-Based Row and Column Electronic Readout
We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an
$N\times N$
crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front
$N\times N$
SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back
$N\times N$
SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built
$4\times4$
and
$8\times8$
detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm
$^{3}\,\,\times3.0$
-mm
$^{3}\,\,\times20$
-mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4
$\times $
4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8
$\times $
8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4
$\times $
4 to 8
$\times $
8.