Genome-Wide Association Studies for Identification of Novel QTLs Related to Agronomic Traits in Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)

Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is an important legume crop well adapted to harsh environments and has significant nutritional value. It is also well recognized due to its nutritional value, health benefits, drought tolerance, and ability to improve soil fertility. It is a versatile crop used in various dishes and is a valuable addition to any diet. However, in-depth molecular analysis must be improved to understand the molecular architecture regulating the essential traits. To achieve this, the study utilized a genome-wide association mapping approach using 88 horsegram accessions genotyped with 55,656 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 54,271 SNPs were mapped to the reference genome. Phenotypic data were collected for four agronomic and yield-related traits: plant height, days to maturity, days to flowering, and number of branches per plant. These traits played a significant role in plant growth, development, protection, and crop yield. The study identified 79 significant SNP-trait associations for the traits under study. The identified SNPs were in 8 chromosomes. The study also identified several novel genomic regions associated with the traits considered, providing new insights into the genetic basis of these essential traits in horsegram. Overall, the study highlights the potential of genome-wide association mapping for identifying genomic regions associated with important agronomic and yield-related traits in horsegram. This could facilitate the development of improved horsegram varieties through marker-assisted breeding programmes and overcoming the morphological selection of desirable genotypes in the background of narrow genetic base.