{"title":"Alarmins 在多发性骨髓瘤中发挥作用吗？","authors":"Ayfer Gedük, Merve Gökçen Polat, Esra Terzi Demirsoy, Berrin Öztaş, Baldan Huri Eryılmaz, Emel Merve Yenihayat, Hayrunnisa Albayrak, Haşim Atakan Erol, Özgür Mehtap, Pınar Tarkun, Abdullah Hacıhanefioğlu","doi":"10.4274/tjh.galenos.2024.2023.0469","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Calprotectin (CLP), S100A6, and high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1), known as alarmins, are involved in the pathogenesis of many tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships of serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels with the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and their roles in the pathogenesis of MM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We measured the serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels of 55 newly diagnosed patients and 32 healthy controls using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The medical records of the patients were also reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels were significantly decreased in MM patients compared to the control group (p=0.012, p=0.001, and p=0.030, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine diagnostic cut-off values for serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 of <98 ng/mL (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.663, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.554-0.761, p=0.009), <1174.5 pg/mL (AUC: 0.706, 95% CI: 0.598-0.799, p=0.001), and <440.18 pg/mL (AUC: 0.640, 95% CI: 0.530-0.740, p=0.03), respectively. CLP levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with light chain MM (91.58±22.57 ng/mL) compared to heavy chain MM (79.42±15.83 ng/mL) (p=0.03). A negative correlation was observed between CLP and M protein, immunoglobulin G, globulin, and beta-2 microglobulin (correlation coefficients: -0.361, -0.370, -0.279, -0.300, respectively; p=0.024, p=0.06, p=0.04, p=0.0033).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found that serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels were statistically lower in patients with newly diagnosed MM compared to the control group. These results suggest that CLP may bind to the paraprotein produced by heavy chain MM in the blood, causing its blood levels to be low. Additionally, low levels of HMGN1, which is involved in DNA repair, suggest that HMGN1 may contribute to the complex genetic abnormalities found in cases of MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23362,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589251/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Do Alarmins Have a Role in Multiple Myeloma?\",\"authors\":\"Ayfer Gedük, Merve Gökçen Polat, Esra Terzi Demirsoy, Berrin Öztaş, Baldan Huri Eryılmaz, Emel Merve Yenihayat, Hayrunnisa Albayrak, Haşim Atakan Erol, Özgür Mehtap, Pınar Tarkun, Abdullah Hacıhanefioğlu\",\"doi\":\"10.4274/tjh.galenos.2024.2023.0469\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Calprotectin (CLP), S100A6, and high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1), known as alarmins, are involved in the pathogenesis of many tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships of serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels with the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and their roles in the pathogenesis of MM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We measured the serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels of 55 newly diagnosed patients and 32 healthy controls using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The medical records of the patients were also reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels were significantly decreased in MM patients compared to the control group (p=0.012, p=0.001, and p=0.030, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine diagnostic cut-off values for serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 of <98 ng/mL (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.663, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.554-0.761, p=0.009), <1174.5 pg/mL (AUC: 0.706, 95% CI: 0.598-0.799, p=0.001), and <440.18 pg/mL (AUC: 0.640, 95% CI: 0.530-0.740, p=0.03), respectively. CLP levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with light chain MM (91.58±22.57 ng/mL) compared to heavy chain MM (79.42±15.83 ng/mL) (p=0.03). A negative correlation was observed between CLP and M protein, immunoglobulin G, globulin, and beta-2 microglobulin (correlation coefficients: -0.361, -0.370, -0.279, -0.300, respectively; p=0.024, p=0.06, p=0.04, p=0.0033).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found that serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels were statistically lower in patients with newly diagnosed MM compared to the control group. These results suggest that CLP may bind to the paraprotein produced by heavy chain MM in the blood, causing its blood levels to be low. Additionally, low levels of HMGN1, which is involved in DNA repair, suggest that HMGN1 may contribute to the complex genetic abnormalities found in cases of MM.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23362,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Turkish Journal of Hematology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"83-90\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589251/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Turkish Journal of Hematology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjh.galenos.2024.2023.0469\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/3/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"HEMATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Turkish Journal of Hematology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tjh.galenos.2024.2023.0469","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/3/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：钙粘蛋白（CLP）、S100A6和高迁移率核糖体结合蛋白1（HMGN1）被称为警戒素，参与了许多肿瘤的发病机制。本研究旨在探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者血清CLP、S100A6和HMGN1水平与临床和实验室检查结果的关系，以及它们在MM发病机制中的作用：我们测量了55名新确诊患者和32名健康对照组（HC）的血清CLP、S100A6和HMGN1水平：结果：与健康对照组相比，我们发现MM患者的血清CLP、S100A6 ve HMGN1水平明显下降（分别为p=0.012、p=0.001、p=0.030）。采用 ROC 分析确定了血清 CLP、S100A6 和 HMGN1 的诊断临界值；CLP 的临界值为结论：在本研究中，我们发现新诊断的 MM 患者的血清 CLP、S100A6 和 HMGN1 水平在统计学上低于 HC。这些结果表明，CLP 可能与重链 MM 在血液中产生的副蛋白结合，因此其血药浓度较低。此外，参与 DNA 修复的 HMGN1 水平较低，这表明 HMGN1 可能是导致 MM 出现复杂遗传异常的原因之一。
Objective: Calprotectin (CLP), S100A6, and high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1), known as alarmins, are involved in the pathogenesis of many tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships of serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels with the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and their roles in the pathogenesis of MM.
Materials and methods: We measured the serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels of 55 newly diagnosed patients and 32 healthy controls using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The medical records of the patients were also reviewed.
Results: Serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels were significantly decreased in MM patients compared to the control group (p=0.012, p=0.001, and p=0.030, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine diagnostic cut-off values for serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 of <98 ng/mL (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.663, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.554-0.761, p=0.009), <1174.5 pg/mL (AUC: 0.706, 95% CI: 0.598-0.799, p=0.001), and <440.18 pg/mL (AUC: 0.640, 95% CI: 0.530-0.740, p=0.03), respectively. CLP levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with light chain MM (91.58±22.57 ng/mL) compared to heavy chain MM (79.42±15.83 ng/mL) (p=0.03). A negative correlation was observed between CLP and M protein, immunoglobulin G, globulin, and beta-2 microglobulin (correlation coefficients: -0.361, -0.370, -0.279, -0.300, respectively; p=0.024, p=0.06, p=0.04, p=0.0033).
Conclusion: In this study, we found that serum CLP, S100A6, and HMGN1 levels were statistically lower in patients with newly diagnosed MM compared to the control group. These results suggest that CLP may bind to the paraprotein produced by heavy chain MM in the blood, causing its blood levels to be low. Additionally, low levels of HMGN1, which is involved in DNA repair, suggest that HMGN1 may contribute to the complex genetic abnormalities found in cases of MM.
期刊介绍：
The Turkish Journal of Hematology is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by the Turkish Society of Hematology. It is an independent, non-profit peer-reviewed international English-language periodical encompassing subjects relevant to hematology.
The Editorial Board of The Turkish Journal of Hematology adheres to the principles of the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), International Council of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).
The aim of The Turkish Journal of Hematology is to publish original hematological research of the highest scientific quality and clinical relevance. Additionally, educational material, reviews on basic developments, editorial short notes, images in hematology, and letters from hematology specialists and clinicians covering their experience and comments on hematology and related medical fields as well as social subjects are published. As of December 2015, The Turkish Journal of Hematology does not accept case reports. Important new findings or data about interesting hematological cases may be submitted as a brief report.
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