利用 X 射线显微 CT 评估充氢 X56 级管线钢的损伤演变情况

Robin Depraetere , Wim De Waele , Margo Cauwels , Tom Depover , Kim Verbeken , Stijn Hertelé
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在能源转型的背景下,欧洲天然气管道网的一部分将转换为氢气管道。这种转换的挑战之一是众所周知的钢材在氢气环境下机械性能的降低,即通常所说的 "氢脆"。使用中的钢材具有不同的特性(在化学、微观结构和机械性能方面),因此会产生各种塑性和断裂行为。本研究调查了氢气对 API 5L X56 管线钢断裂行为的影响,这种钢是通过正火轧制生产的,其微观结构呈带状。通过电化学方法(原位加氢)对光滑圆棒和缺口圆棒试样进行了拉伸试验,并将其与未加氢试样的试验结果进行了对比。使用高分辨率 X 射线计算机断层扫描(X 射线 micro-CT)对断裂试样进行扫描,以观察和量化断裂表面下的损伤情况。提供了有关空隙大小分布和空隙形状的统计数据。在没有氢气的情况下,断裂过程的特点是空隙明显增加。氢的存在加速了断裂机制,但并未从根本上改变这些机制。这与之前在不同管线钢等级上获得的结果形成了鲜明对比,表明了氢脆敏感性对材料特性的敏感性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Damage evolution of a hydrogen charged grade X56 pipeline steel evaluated using X-ray micro-CT

In the light of the energy transition, part of the European natural gas pipeline grid will be converted to hydrogen gas pipelines. One of the challenges of this conversion is the well-acknowledged reduction in mechanical properties of steel in the presence of hydrogen, commonly known as ‘hydrogen embrittlement’. The steels in-use are of variable characteristics (with respect to chemical, microstructural and mechanical properties), resulting in a variety of plasticity and fracture behaviors. The present work investigates the effect of hydrogen on the fracture behavior of a relatively old grade API 5L X56 pipeline steel produced by normalized rolling which resulted in a banded microstructure. Tensile tests were performed on smooth and notched round bar specimens that were hydrogen pre-charged electrochemically (ex-situ), and compared to tests on uncharged specimens as a reference. The fractured specimens were scanned using high resolution X-ray computed tomography (X-ray micro-CT) to visualize and quantify the damage underneath the fracture surface. Statistics regarding the void size distribution and void shapes are provided. The fracture process in the absence of hydrogen is characterised by significant void development. The presence of hydrogen accelerates the fracture mechanisms without fundamentally altering them. This is in contrast with previous results obtained on a different pipeline steel grade, demonstrating the sensitivity of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility to material characteristics.

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