Microwave Imaging: Locating Bone Fractures using Patch Antenna of ISM Band.

Background: The human skeletal system relies heavily on the integrity of bones, which provide structural support and safeguard vital organs. Accurate detection is paramount for effective diagnosis. Conventional methods for identifying fractures manually are not only time-consuming but also susceptible to errors.

Methods: The proposed methodology hinges on a patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz and a bone phantom housing a simulated fracture, where the antenna is scanned. The collected signals are then processed with Delay-and-Sum (DAS), and Delay-Multiply-and-Sum (DMAS) reconstruction algorithms. The resulting images offer visual insights into the location of fractures.

Results: Through experimentation, the efficacy of the images varies considerably in terms of their capacity for noise and artifact suppression. While DAS exhibits reasonable effectiveness, it suppresses noise and artifacts comprehensively. In contrast, DMAS offers clearer and more precise images of bone fractures.

Conclusion: In summary, the research introduces a cost-effective and non-invasive strategy for detecting bone fractures. By involving a patch antenna at 2.4 GHz, along with image reconstruction algorithms like DMAS and DAS, one can effectively visualize the location of bone fractures. The experimental results highlight the superiority of DMAS over DAS in terms of contrast resolution, making it a highly promising avenue for fracture detection.