Sohail Agha, Ifeanyi Nsofor, Drew Bernard, Sarah Francis, Nandan Rao
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Respondents were recruited via advertisements on Meta platforms (Facebook and Instagram) using the Virtual Lab open-source tool. We used a Meta Messenger chatbot for data collection; participants were compensated with 400 naira (US $0.87 cents). Data collection took 2 weeks. In total, 957 respondents completed the survey, at an advertising cost of US $1.55 per respondent. An 18-item instrument measuring core motivators, ability barriers, sociodemographic characteristics, and respondents' vaccination status was pretested before data collection. We ran separate logistic regression models to examine the relationships between vaccine uptake and core motivators, ability barriers, and sociodemographic variables. A final model that predicted vaccine uptake included all 3 sets of variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 56% (n=540) of respondents reported that they had received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccination. Three core motivators were positively associated with vaccine uptake: the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine promised a better life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.51, 95% CI 2.23-5.52), the belief that the vaccine would allow respondents to do more things they enjoyed (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.33-2.93), and respondents' perception that their friends and family members accepted their decision to get vaccinated (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06-2.48). Two ability barriers were negatively associated with vaccine uptake: cost- or income-related concerns lowered the odds of being vaccinated (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.50) and the lack of availability of vaccines at places respondents routinely visited also lowered their odds of being vaccinated (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.21-0.40). After adjusting for other variables, the perceived fear of getting COVID-19 and the hardship associated with the disease were no longer associated with vaccine uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that hope is more important for Nigerians than fear when it comes to vaccine adoption, enjoying life is more important than worrying about getting the disease, and approval from friends and family is more powerful than their disapproval. These findings suggest that emphasizing the benefits of leading a fuller life after being vaccinated is more likely to succeed than increasing Nigerians' fear of COVID-19. 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An 18-item instrument measuring core motivators, ability barriers, sociodemographic characteristics, and respondents' vaccination status was pretested before data collection. We ran separate logistic regression models to examine the relationships between vaccine uptake and core motivators, ability barriers, and sociodemographic variables. A final model that predicted vaccine uptake included all 3 sets of variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 56% (n=540) of respondents reported that they had received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccination. Three core motivators were positively associated with vaccine uptake: the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine promised a better life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.51, 95% CI 2.23-5.52), the belief that the vaccine would allow respondents to do more things they enjoyed (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.33-2.93), and respondents' perception that their friends and family members accepted their decision to get vaccinated (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06-2.48). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:为了深入了解行为,从而制定有效的疫苗接种干预措施,我们需要将快速、廉价的调查数据收集与基于易用行为模型的工具相结合。本研究展示了一项廉价的数字调查如何帮助确定尼日利亚 COVID-19 疫苗接种的驱动因素:本研究旨在说明如何通过廉价的数字调查获得行为洞察力:我们设计并开展了一项多阶段抽样的横断面调查。我们根据年龄、性别、州以及城市或农村地区,从 120 个阶层的尼日利亚人(年龄≥18 岁)中收集数据。我们使用虚拟实验室开源工具,通过 Meta 平台(Facebook 和 Instagram)上的广告招募受访者。我们使用 Meta Messenger 聊天机器人进行数据收集;参与者可获得 400 奈拉(0.87 美分)的报酬。数据收集历时两周。共有 957 名受访者完成了调查,每位受访者的广告费用为 1.55 美元。在数据收集之前,我们对一份包含 18 个项目的调查表进行了预先测试,该调查表测量了核心动机、能力障碍、社会人口特征以及受访者的疫苗接种状况。我们分别建立了逻辑回归模型来检验疫苗接种率与核心动机、能力障碍和社会人口学变量之间的关系。预测疫苗接种率的最终模型包括所有 3 组变量:约 56% 的受访者(n=540)表示至少接种过一次 COVID-19 疫苗。三个核心动机与疫苗接种率呈正相关:认为 COVID-19 疫苗会让生活更美好(调整后的几率比 [aOR] 3.51,95% CI 2.23-5.52),认为疫苗会让受访者做更多自己喜欢的事情(aOR 1.97,95% CI 1.33-2.93),以及受访者认为其朋友和家人接受其接种疫苗的决定(aOR 1.62,95% CI 1.06-2.48)。两种能力障碍与疫苗接种率呈负相关:与成本或收入相关的担忧降低了接种疫苗的几率(aOR 0.35,95% CI 0.24-0.50),受访者经常去的地方没有疫苗也降低了接种疫苗的几率(aOR 0.29,95% CI 0.21-0.40)。在对其他变量进行调整后,受访者对感染 COVID-19 的恐惧感以及与疾病相关的困难不再与疫苗接种率相关:这些研究结果表明,对于尼日利亚人来说,在疫苗接种问题上,希望比恐惧更重要,享受生活比担心得病更重要,朋友和家人的认可比他们的反对更有力。这些发现表明,强调接种疫苗后过上更充实生活的好处比增加尼日利亚人对 COVID-19 的恐惧更有可能取得成功。与之前的尼日利亚研究相比,本研究发现了与采用 COVID-19 疫苗相关的一系列非常不同的因素。
Behavioral Insights from Vaccine Adoption in Nigeria: Cross-Sectional Survey Findings.
Background: To generate behavioral insights for the development of effective vaccination interventions, we need approaches that combine rapid and inexpensive survey data collection with instruments based on easy-to-use behavior models. This study demonstrates how an inexpensive digital survey helped identify the drivers of COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria.
Objective: This study aims to illustrate how behavioral insights can be generated through inexpensive digital surveys.
Methods: We designed and conducted a cross-sectional survey with multistage sampling. Data were collected from Nigerians (aged ≥18 years) from 120 strata based on age, sex, state, and urban or rural location. Respondents were recruited via advertisements on Meta platforms (Facebook and Instagram) using the Virtual Lab open-source tool. We used a Meta Messenger chatbot for data collection; participants were compensated with 400 naira (US $0.87 cents). Data collection took 2 weeks. In total, 957 respondents completed the survey, at an advertising cost of US $1.55 per respondent. An 18-item instrument measuring core motivators, ability barriers, sociodemographic characteristics, and respondents' vaccination status was pretested before data collection. We ran separate logistic regression models to examine the relationships between vaccine uptake and core motivators, ability barriers, and sociodemographic variables. A final model that predicted vaccine uptake included all 3 sets of variables.
Results: About 56% (n=540) of respondents reported that they had received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccination. Three core motivators were positively associated with vaccine uptake: the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine promised a better life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.51, 95% CI 2.23-5.52), the belief that the vaccine would allow respondents to do more things they enjoyed (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.33-2.93), and respondents' perception that their friends and family members accepted their decision to get vaccinated (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06-2.48). Two ability barriers were negatively associated with vaccine uptake: cost- or income-related concerns lowered the odds of being vaccinated (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.50) and the lack of availability of vaccines at places respondents routinely visited also lowered their odds of being vaccinated (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.21-0.40). After adjusting for other variables, the perceived fear of getting COVID-19 and the hardship associated with the disease were no longer associated with vaccine uptake.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that hope is more important for Nigerians than fear when it comes to vaccine adoption, enjoying life is more important than worrying about getting the disease, and approval from friends and family is more powerful than their disapproval. These findings suggest that emphasizing the benefits of leading a fuller life after being vaccinated is more likely to succeed than increasing Nigerians' fear of COVID-19. This study identifies a very different set of factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine adoption than previous Nigerian studies.