通过漂移扩散建模和吸引力动力学阐明精神病的认知控制缺陷

IF 5.3 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Chen Shen, Olivia L Calvin, Eric Rawls, A David Redish, Scott R Sponheim
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景与假设:认知控制缺陷在精神病患者中非常突出。为主动控制能力缺陷提供证据的研究通常检查的是平均表现,而不是个体在不同试验中的变化--这可能会掩盖对认知控制能力产生重要影响的因素的检测。在此,我们通过漂移-扩散模型(DDM)利用试验间的变异性,旨在找出导致精神病患者认知控制缺陷的关键因素:研究设计:精神病患者(PwP;N = 122)、其一级亲属(N = 78)和对照组(N = 50)各完成 120 次点模式期望(DPX)认知控制任务。我们对单个试验的反应和反应时间(RT)数据拟合了全分层 DDM,然后使用分类模型将 DDM 参数与传统的主动和被动控制测量方法进行了比较:研究结果:PwP 在主动控制试验中表现出较慢的漂移率,这表明他们对提示信息的利用效率较低。PwP 和亲属在不常出现的试验序列中都表现出较长的非决定时间,这表明他们的知觉处理速度较慢。分类分析表明,DDM 参数比传统的测量方法更能区分不同的群体,并确定主动控制过程中的漂移率、被动控制过程中的非决策时间和线索偏差最为重要。DDM 参数与真实世界功能和精神分裂症特征相关:试验水平数据建模显示,证据积累缓慢和准备期较长是导致精神病性精神病理学认知控制缺陷的最主要原因。DPX期间的这种非典型反应模式与吸引子动态模型中的浅盆地相一致,反映了维持状态表征的困难,可能是由神经兴奋过度或连接不良介导的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Clarifying Cognitive Control Deficits in Psychosis via Drift Diffusion Modeling and Attractor Dynamics.

Background and hypothesis: Cognitive control deficits are prominent in individuals with psychotic psychopathology. Studies providing evidence for deficits in proactive control generally examine average performance and not variation across trials for individuals-potentially obscuring detection of essential contributors to cognitive control. Here, we leverage intertrial variability through drift-diffusion models (DDMs) aiming to identify key contributors to cognitive control deficits in psychosis.

Study design: People with psychosis (PwP; N = 122), their first-degree biological relatives (N = 78), and controls (N = 50) each completed 120 trials of the dot pattern expectancy (DPX) cognitive control task. We fit full hierarchical DDMs to response and reaction time (RT) data for individual trials and then used classification models to compare the DDM parameters with conventional measures of proactive and reactive control.

Study results: PwP demonstrated slower drift rates on proactive control trials suggesting less efficient use of cue information. Both PwP and relatives showed protracted nondecision times to infrequent trial sequences suggesting slowed perceptual processing. Classification analyses indicated that DDM parameters differentiated between the groups better than conventional measures and identified drift rates during proactive control, nondecision time during reactive control, and cue bias as most important. DDM parameters were associated with real-world functioning and schizotypal traits.

Conclusions: Modeling of trial-level data revealed that slow evidence accumulation and longer preparatory periods are the strongest contributors to cognitive control deficits in psychotic psychopathology. This pattern of atypical responding during the DPX is consistent with shallow basins in attractor dynamic models that reflect difficulties in maintaining state representations, possibly mediated by excess neural excitation or poor connectivity.

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来源期刊
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Schizophrenia Bulletin 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
6.10%
发文量
163
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Schizophrenia Bulletin seeks to review recent developments and empirically based hypotheses regarding the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. We view the field as broad and deep, and will publish new knowledge ranging from the molecular basis to social and cultural factors. We will give new emphasis to translational reports which simultaneously highlight basic neurobiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Some of the Bulletin content is invited as special features or manuscripts organized as a theme by special guest editors. Most pages of the Bulletin are devoted to unsolicited manuscripts of high quality that report original data or where we can provide a special venue for a major study or workshop report. Supplement issues are sometimes provided for manuscripts reporting from a recent conference.
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