利用差分磁强计测量验证英国地磁诱导电流模型

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI:10.1029/2023sw003769
J. Hübert, C. D. Beggan, G. S. Richardson, N. Gomez-Perez, A. Collins, A. W. P. Thomson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

极端空间天气会通过地磁感应电流(GICs)损坏地面基础设施,如电线、铁路和天然气管道。地磁感应电流建模需要了解源磁场和地球导电结构,以计算地磁活动增强时的地面电场。电场与有关电网拓扑结构的详细信息相结合,可对高压 (HV) 输电线中的 GIC 进行建模。使用霍尔探头可以直接监测变电站中的 GIC,但在英国很少实现。因此,我们在英国电网的 12 个地点部署了差分磁力计方法 (DMM) 来测量 GIC。差分磁力计法包括安装两个磁通门磁力计,一个直接安装在受 GIC 影响的电力线下方,另一个作为远程站点。通过 Biot-Savart 法则,每个仪器上磁场记录的差异可估算出相应电力线段中的 GIC。我们在 2018-2022 年期间收集了英国各地的数据,对之前研究表明存在高 GIC 风险的高压线路段进行了监测。我们在几次较小的风暴期间记录了磁强计数据,从而可以对我们的 GIC 模型进行详细分析。在计算地面电场时,我们使用了最近在 DMM 站点附近记录的磁电测量(MT)数据。我们的结果表明,当使用我们的高压模型和从 MT 数据得出的实际电场估计值时,测量和建模的线路和变电站 GIC 在振幅和信号形状方面都非常一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Validating a UK Geomagnetically Induced Current Model Using Differential Magnetometer Measurements
Extreme space weather can damage ground-based infrastructure such as power lines, railways and gas pipelines through geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). Modeling GICs requires knowledge about the source magnetic field and the electrical conductivity structure of the Earth to calculate ground electric fields during enhanced geomagnetic activity. The electric field, in combination with detailed information about the power grid topology, enable the modeling of GICs in high-voltage (HV) power lines. Directly monitoring GICs in substations is possible with a Hall probe, but scarcely realized in the UK. Therefore we deployed the differential magnetometer method (DMM) to measure GICs at 12 sites in the UK power grid. The DMM includes the installation of two fluxgate magnetometers, one directly under a power line affected by GICs, and one as a remote site. The difference in recordings of the magnetic field at each instrument yields an estimate of the GICs in the respective power line segment via the Biot-Savart law. We collected data across the UK in 2018–2022, monitoring HV line segments where previous research indicated high GIC risk. We recorded magnetometer data during several smaller storms that allow detailed analysis of our GIC model. For the ground electric field computations we used recent magnetotelluric (MT) measurements recorded close to the DMM sites. Our results show that there is strong agreement in both amplitude and signal shape between measured and modeled line and substation GICs when using our HV model and the realistic electric field estimates derived from MT data.
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