In-vivo evaluation of the effects of short-term dehydration and rehydration on the color differences of immature permanent incisor teeth

Objective

It is aimed to evaluate the color changes of upper central incisor teeth with different root maturation levels after 15 min of dehydration and rehydration.

Materials and Methods

Using the Cvek classification, 60 participants were divided into five groups. A spectrophotometer, equipped with a specially designed jig, was utilized for color measurements. Following isolation, color measurements were conducted at the dehydration process intervals of baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 15th minutes. After mouth rinsing, measurements were repeated at the same time intervals during the rehydration process. CIEDE2000 (ΔE₀₀) values and the Whiteness Index (WI_D) were obtained to compare the color changes between the initial readings and each interval. Friedman and Repeated Measures ANOVA were applied to compare classes by time during the dehydration and rehydration periods, as well as ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare by classes for each time (p < 0.05).

Results

Significant differences emerged in the mean ΔE₀₀ values during dehydration and rehydration periods across all Cvek Classes (p < 0.05). While no statistically significant differences were observed among Classes at different minutes during the rehydration period (p > 0.05), it was particularly noted that the mean ΔE₀₀ values of Classes 2, 3, and 5 at the 2nd minute of dehydration were statistically significantly higher than the mean of Class 1 (p < 0.05). However, when evaluating the starting and ending measurements of both dehydration and rehydration processes, and the overall change in ΔE₀₀ and ΔWI_D, no significant variations were detected across the Classes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In teeth that have just erupted and are still undergoing root development, dehydration in the initial minutes results in noticeable color changes. However, the change in ΔE₀₀ and ΔWI_D of the teeth was found to be similar after the dehydration and rehydration processes.

Clinical Significance

According to the Cvek classification, the lower color change in Class 1 teeth within the first 2 min of dehydration and the need for more than 15 min of rehydration for immature teeth with an open apex to return to their initial state after a 15-min dehydration are crucial for clinicians in terms of color assessment timing.