适应性强的自动化系统如何实现更加以人为本的工作设计?对人类感知和行为的影响

IF 5.3 2区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNETICS
Michèle Rieth , Linda Onnasch , Vera Hagemann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本实验系统地研究了在空中交通管制等对安全至关重要的环境中,能否通过适应性自动化来减轻静态自动化概念所带来的日益自动化的负面影响。适应性自动化是一种灵活的自动化形式,其中人类操作员(而不是适应性自动化中的系统)可以决定何时以及在多大程度上委派任务。我们特别关注它在自主感知和能力、满意度以及人类角色感知方面对人类感知的影响。我们使用相同的双任务范式进行了两项在线研究。研究 1 是通过 Prolific 对新手样本(93 人)进行的,研究 2 是对空中交通管制员专家样本(126 人)进行的。参加者要么得到静态信息自动化、静态决策自动化的支持,要么得到可在两个自动化阶段之间切换的适应性解决方案的支持。两项研究的结果相似。结果表明,即使人类很少切换,适应性自动化也能提高自主感知,带来高满意度,并在不影响绩效或工作量的情况下对角色感知产生积极影响。此外,研究还发现满意度与绩效相关。从以人为本的角度来看,当自动化不仅在信息分析阶段,而且在决策阶段越来越多地接管部分工作任务时,灵活的概念似乎尤其适用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adaptable automation for a more human-centered work design? Effects on human perception and behavior

This experiment systematically examines whether, in safety-critical environments such as Air Traffic Control, the negative effects of increasing automation associated with static automation concepts can be mitigated by adaptable automation. Adaptable automation is a form of flexible automation in which the human operator (rather than the system as in adaptive automation) can decide when and to what extent to delegate tasks. A special focus is on its effects on human perception in terms of perceived autonomy and competence, satisfaction, and human role perception. We conducted two online studies using the same dual-task paradigm. Study 1 was conducted with a novice sample via Prolific (N = 93) and study 2 with an expert sample of Air Traffic Controllers (N = 126). Participants were either supported by static information automation, static decision automation, or an adaptable solution that allowed them to switch between the two automation stages. The findings of both studies are similar. Results indicated that, even when humans rarely switched, adaptable automation could increase perceived autonomy, led to high satisfaction, and had positive effects on role perceptions without impairing performance or workload. Furthermore, satisfaction was found to correlate with performance. From a human-centered perspective, flexible concepts seem to be particularly suitable when automation increasingly takes over parts of a job task not only at the stage of information analysis but also at the stage of decision-making.

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来源期刊
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 工程技术-计算机:控制论
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
108
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Human-Computer Studies publishes original research over the whole spectrum of work relevant to the theory and practice of innovative interactive systems. The journal is inherently interdisciplinary, covering research in computing, artificial intelligence, psychology, linguistics, communication, design, engineering, and social organization, which is relevant to the design, analysis, evaluation and application of innovative interactive systems. Papers at the boundaries of these disciplines are especially welcome, as it is our view that interdisciplinary approaches are needed for producing theoretical insights in this complex area and for effective deployment of innovative technologies in concrete user communities. Research areas relevant to the journal include, but are not limited to: • Innovative interaction techniques • Multimodal interaction • Speech interaction • Graphic interaction • Natural language interaction • Interaction in mobile and embedded systems • Interface design and evaluation methodologies • Design and evaluation of innovative interactive systems • User interface prototyping and management systems • Ubiquitous computing • Wearable computers • Pervasive computing • Affective computing • Empirical studies of user behaviour • Empirical studies of programming and software engineering • Computer supported cooperative work • Computer mediated communication • Virtual reality • Mixed and augmented Reality • Intelligent user interfaces • Presence ...
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