Investigation of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behavior of the liquid jet quenching process

Abstract

Liquid jet quenching of metals is typically adopted to achieve specific material properties of metals, thereby making them suitable for advanced engineering applications. In this process, a metal plate is heated and cooled rapidly by impinging water jets. The temperature history during cooling leads to a microstructural transformation thereby improving the material properties such as hardness. During liquid jet quenching, since the plate surface temperature is above the Leidenfrost temperature, the boiling heat transfer dominates. This is associated with an intense cooling and water vapor generation, where the Leidenfrost effect impedes the immediate wetting of the surface. The resulting uneven cooling over the plate surface tends to potential deformation and cracking. To control this process, a detailed understanding of the spatial and the temporal heat transfer behavior is imperative. Experiments in this context are limited and therefore investigating the conjugate heat transfer process is to be combined with a multi-phase numerical model. The two-phase numerical model based on the Euler-Euler approach is developed and validated to simulate the jet quenching of a stationary plate considering all the boiling regimes within a single framework. This model consists of two phases, the liquid water which is the continuous phase (primary) and the water vapor modeled as the dispersed phase (secondary). In this study, a circular water jet (tap water) impact is considered and the plate materials under investigation are aluminum alloy (Al-alloy) and stainless steel (St-steel). Experiments are performed using infrared and high-speed imaging. The validated numerical model provides the technical parameters such as wetting front behavior, heat flux, HTC (heat transfer coefficient) etc. The influence of the jet Reynolds number and the plate material properties on the heat transfer is analysed. The study emphasizes that the plate material has a significantly higher influence on the heat transfer during jet quenching.

Graphical abstract