Naturally derived electrically active materials for eco-friendly electronics

Amid the escalating demand for electronic devices, electronic waste poses a critical environmental dilemma. While current recovery techniques offer some respite, their efficacy is still debated. A burgeoning discourse emphasizes the potential of naturally derived conducting materials (i.e., melanin, indigo, and carotenoids), advocating their utility in fabricating biocompatible and biodegradable electronics. This review critically examines this emerging paradigm of green electronics. Beyond a mere overview, we interrogate such materials′ physical, chemical, and electrical performances, paying particular attention to the charge transport dynamics in substances like melanin, indigo, and carotenoids. In doing so, we shed light on potential pitfalls and broach unresolved challenges to developing biodegradable electronics. This review finding indicates that naturally derived conducting materials have great potential to develop eco-friendly electronics. We also suggest pivotal future directions for truly sustainable electronics development.