Late Jurassic oceanic plateau subduction in the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean of northern Tibet

Oceanic plateau accretion and subsequent flat-slab subduction in modern convergent settings have profoundly influenced the nature of subduction and mantle dynamics. However, evaluating similar impacts in ancient convergent settings, where oceanic plateaus have been subducted but geological records are limited, remains challenging. In this study, we present geochronological and geochemical data for a suite of ore-associated plutonic rocks from the Gaobaoyue area of northern Tibet. These rocks have zircon U–Pb ages of 152–146 Ma, with high Sr contents and Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, low MgO, Yb, and Y contents, and depleted Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, consistent with an adakitic affinity that was generated by the partial melting of subducting oceanic crust. We compare the Late Jurassic adakitic magmatism with the spatiotemporal evolution of magmatism in northern Tibet to infer oceanic plateau subduction and subsequent flat-slab subduction in the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean. This tectonic model explains (i) slab-derived adakitic magmatism, (ii) the observed lull in magmatic activity, (iii) intraplate compression and uplift, and (iv) subduction jump and initiation. We also propose that the subduction of heterogeneous oceanic crust (i.e., buoyant oceanic plateau subduction) provided favorable conditions for tectonic exhumation, vertical slab tearing, and the formation of Cu–Au deposits. Our findings not only have implications for establishing the fundamental process of oceanic plateau accretion in ancient subduction zones but also provide an alternative explanation for Late Jurassic complex tectonomagmatic activity in northern Tibet.