生物浸出法去除矿山尾矿浮选馏分中的金属

IF 4.8 2区 材料科学 Q1 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
Tamara A. Schueler , Axel Schippers , Daniel Goldmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究调查了从浮选工艺产生的三种矿山尾矿馏分中去除重金属的两种生物浸出策略。一方面,利用由嗜酸性中生菌和中等嗜热菌组成的微生物联合体进行生物浸出,可有效提取钴、铜、锌和砷,而利用异养菌和真菌产生的有机酸可促进铅的浸出。14 天后,重晶石尾矿(BT)样品中的嗜酸中生菌类生物沥滤了约 100% 的钴、68% 的锌、63% 的砷和 31% 的铜;而重晶石精矿(BC)样品的钴去除率约为 100%,锌和砷去除率约为 70%,铜去除率约为 45%。硫化物精矿(SC)样品在 28 天内经过了嗜酸中温菌和中等嗜热菌两种菌群的生物沥滤。在 20 升的生物反应器中,使用中嗜酸菌从样品中提取了约 67% 的钴、28% 的锌、56% 的砷、28% 的铜和 6% 的锰,而使用中等嗜热菌的浸出效率约为 72%的钴、50% 的锌、28% 的砷、36% 的铜和 5%的锰。另一方面,研究人员利用葡萄糖酸细菌(Gluconobacter oxydans)和真菌青霉(Penicillium simplicissimum)分别生产葡萄糖酸和柠檬酸,对铅进行生物沥滤。此外,除了以葡萄糖为基础的培养基外,还测试了甘油和冰糖作为替代的廉价碳源。在以甘油为基础的培养基中,辛夷菇的新陈代谢活动使 BT 样品在 28 天内的最大铅萃取率达到 39-43%,而 BC 样品在以葡萄糖为基础的培养基中的最大铅萃取率约为 60%。两种样品中的 G. oxydans 对铅的萃取率都较低。当使用葡萄糖作为碳源时,在 7 天内分别达到了 34% 和 39% 的最大铅萃取率。进一步的优化应既能提高金属去除率,又能降低与培养基配方和真菌生物量生产相关的成本,尤其是在有机酸生物浸出方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Bioleaching for metals removal from mine tailings flotation fractions

Bioleaching for metals removal from mine tailings flotation fractions

This study investigated two bioleaching strategies for removing heavy metals from three mine tailings fractions generated by flotation processes. On the one hand, bioleaching with microbial consortia of acidophilic mesophiles and moderate thermophiles efficiently extracted Co, Cu, Zn, and As, while the leaching of Pb was facilitated through the use of organic acids produced by a heterotrophic bacterium and a fungus. Approximately 100% Co, 68% Zn, 63% As, and 31% Cu were bioleached with acidophilic mesophiles from the barite tailings (BT) sample after 14 days, whereas for the barite concentrate (BC) sample the results showed about 100% Co, 70% Zn and As, and 45% Cu removal at the same period. The sulfide concentrate (SC) sample underwent bioleaching with both consortia, acidophilic mesophiles and moderate thermophiles over 28 days. Approximately, 67% of Co, 28% of Zn, 56% of As, 28% of Cu, and 6% of Mn were extracted from the sample using mesophiles, whereas the leaching efficiency with the moderate thermophiles was about 72% of Co, 50% of Zn, 28% of As, 36% of Cu, and 5% of Mn in 20 L bioreactors. On the other hand, bioleaching of Pb was explored using the bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans and the fungus Penicillium simplicissimum for the production of gluconic acid and citric acid, respectively. Additionally, besides glucose-based media, glycerol and crystal sugar were tested as alternative and cheaper carbon sources. The metabolic activity of P. simplicissimum allowed a maximum Pb leaching of 39–43% from the BT sample in 28 days in glycerol-based medium, while for the BC sample, the maximum Pb extraction was around 60% in glucose-based medium. A lower extraction of Pb was achieved with G. oxydans for both samples. The maximum extraction of 34% and 39% of Pb was reached within 7 days when glucose was used as the carbon source. Further optimization should address both the enhancement of metals removal and – especially for the organic acid bioleaching – the reduction of costs related to media formulation and fungal biomass production on a larger scale.

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来源期刊
Hydrometallurgy
Hydrometallurgy 工程技术-冶金工程
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
6.40%
发文量
144
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: Hydrometallurgy aims to compile studies on novel processes, process design, chemistry, modelling, control, economics and interfaces between unit operations, and to provide a forum for discussions on case histories and operational difficulties. Topics covered include: leaching of metal values by chemical reagents or bacterial action at ambient or elevated pressures and temperatures; separation of solids from leach liquors; removal of impurities and recovery of metal values by precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, gaseous reduction, cementation, electro-winning and electro-refining; pre-treatment of ores by roasting or chemical treatments such as halogenation or reduction; recycling of reagents and treatment of effluents.
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