Understanding strategies for digital government transformation: A strategic action fields perspective

Digital technologies are transforming public service provision by affecting governments, technology vendors, and citizens, as well as their interactions. However, digital government transformation (DGT) is complex and challenging, with governments often lacking clear strategic adjustments during their digital journeys. This study discusses six strategic factors, including business environment, digital infrastructure, financial capability, innovation capability, information security, and public demand, and identifies the configurations that lead to a significant increase in digital government performance. Based on the theory of strategic action fields, we developed a theoretical framework to understand the DGT process and changes in configurations. Based on a novel Multiple Time Differencing Qualitative Comparative Analysis (MTD/QCA) method, the analysis of 31 provincial regions in Chinese mainland over four years derived 13 distinct solutions in the three basic stages of DGT: exploration, concentration, and complementation. These findings reveal the complexity of DGT from an evolutionary perspective and indicate that these factors do not work in isolation, but in combination with others to promote DGT. Understanding the configurational relationships of these factors can help governments adjust their strategies across the three stages of DGT.