无形的基础设施:强化战后东京中银胶囊塔中的性别不平等

Athanor Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI:10.33009/fsu_athanor134937
Kelsea Whaley
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摘要

20 世纪 70 年代,日本社会的生活和工作方式发生了重大变化。以父权制 "工薪族 "为主导的家庭结构不断变化,对住房提出了新的要求。由建筑师黑川纪章于 1972 年建成的 Nakagin 胶囊塔,原位于日本东京新桥商业区,是黑川为日本工薪族设计的乌托邦模式。本演讲将探讨中银胶囊塔在建造过程中如何植入性别制度思想,将女性限制在家中,并在公共领域维护男性权力。此外,我还探讨了战后日本男性气质的构建与城市空间之间的关系,并讨论了家庭主妇在中银胶囊塔中无法满足社会期望的方式。虽然黑川认为中银胶囊塔是一座乌托邦式的建筑,可以改善社会,但它维持了工薪族与家庭主妇的关系,这种关系阻碍了日本社会的发展,使女性无法加入劳动力大军,并强化了城市作为男性服务于经济的场所的地位。这项评估调查了建筑环境如何有能力减损女性走出家庭的机会,以及战后日本的建筑如何满足男性的社会需求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Invisible Infrastructure: Reinforcing Postwar Gender Inequality in Tokyo’s Nakagin Capsule Tower
1970s Japan saw major changes in the way society lived and worked. A changing family structure, one led by the patriarchal “salaryman,” created new demands for housing. The Nakagin Capsule Tower, completed by architect Kisho Kurokawa in 1972, formerly located in the business district of Shimbashi, Tokyo, Japan, was Kurokawa’s utopian model for Japan’s salarymen. This presentation investigates how the Nakagin Capsule Tower inscribed gendered institutional thought in its construction, restricting women to the home and maintaining male power in the public sphere. Moreover, I explore the relationship between the construction of masculinity and urban space in postwar Japan and discuss the ways in which a housewife is unable to fulfill societal expectations within the Nakagin Capsule Tower. While Kurokawa believed the Nakagin Capsule Tower was a utopian architecture that would improve society, it maintained the salaryman/housewife relationship that prevented Japan from socially evolving to include women in their workforce and reinforced the city as a place only for men in service to the economy. This assessment investigates how the built environment has the power to detract from women’s opportunities outside of the home and the ways architecture met the social demands of men in postwar Japan.
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