Preoperative DLCO predicts severe early complications after liver transplantation

Background

Severe early complications are common after liver transplantation (LT) and are a key determinant of LT-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess whether lung function measured in the pre-operative period predicted complicated outcomes in the first month after LT.

Material and methods

Patients with mild-to-moderate liver disease (Model for End stage Liver Disease-MELD score≤30) who underwent LT between October 2015 and May 2020 in a single centre were retrospectively included. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of severe early complications after LT defined by mechanical ventilation duration > 2 days or length of ICU stay > 7 days or reintubation or death < 1 month after LT.

Results

One hundred and twenty patients were included (age 59 [53–64] years, 72 % men). Forty patients (33 %) had early complications after LT. Measured and%predicted hemoglobin-corrected lung transfer capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCOc) were significantly lower in patients with severe early complications after LT. DLCOc was the only variable that associated independently with severe early complications by multivariate analysis. DLCOc under 16.3 ml.min⁻¹.mmHg⁻¹ predicted respiratory complications with a sensitivity of 67.5 % and a specificity of 62.9 %. DLCOc%pred under 61.5 % had a sensitivity of 56.8 % and a specificity of 72 %. DLCOc independently associated with forced vital capacity (FVC), pulmonary emphysema, and the muscle mass index.

Conclusion

A decrease in DLCOc indicated an increased risk of severe early complications after LT.