俄国内战和新经济政策时期苏联当局在西伯利亚农民心目中的形象

T. I. Morozova, V. I. Shishkin
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摘要

文章探讨了俄罗斯内战和新经济政策实施时期西伯利亚农民对苏维埃政府的看法。这一问题的重要性在于,民众对管理机构的看法在任何社会生活中都起着重要作用,因为它影响着不同社会群体的政治情绪和行为。然而,俄罗斯和国际史学界尚未对这一问题进行广泛研究。研究基于大量官方文件,包括新发现的文件,这些文件由共产党(布尔什维克)各机构、国家联合政治局以及普通人写给当局的信件制作而成。文章作者分析了不同类别的西伯利亚农民是如何想象苏维埃垂直权力的,在俄罗斯内战和新经济政策时期,哪些因素以及如何影响了有关当局观念的形成和转变。文章最后认为,西伯利亚农民的不同社会群体对苏维埃政权有着不同的看法,这些看法并非一成不变,而是随着时间的推移而变化。从 1917 年底到 1919 年底,对苏维埃政权的看法主要是独立产生的,没有受到重大的外部影响。无产阶级专政建立后,情况发生了变化。在整个 1920 年代,政府的政策和执行做法是塑造苏维埃当局形象的决定性因素
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Image of the Soviet Authorities in the Perception of the Siberian Peasants during the Russian Civil War and the Period of New Economic Policy
The article explores the ideas of the Siberian peasantry regarding Soviet authorities during the Russian Civil War and the Period of Implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The importance of this issue lies in the fact that the population’s perception of the governing bodies plays a significant role in the life of any society since it influences  the political sentiments and the behavior of different social groups. However, this topic has not been extensively studied by Russian or international historiography. The research is based on a wide range of official documents, including newly discovered ones, produced by various Communist Party (Bolsheviks) bodies, the Joint State Political Directorate, and letters from ordinary people to authorities. The authors of the article analyze how different categories of Siberian peasants imagined the Soviet power vertical, what factors and how influenced formation and transformation of ideas about authorities during the Russian Civil War and NEP period. The article concludes by arguing that different social groups of the Siberian peasantry had different perceptions of Soviet authorities, which did not remain unchanged but varied over time. From the end of 1917 until the end of 1919, ideas about the Soviet authorities arose mainly independently, without significant external influence. The situation changed after the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The government’s policies and practices of implementation were the determining factors that shaped the image of the Soviet authorities throughout the 1920s
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