Vascular Challenges in Behçet's Disease: A Case Report Emphasizing Arterial Involvement

Behçet's disease, characterized by systemic manifestations primarily affecting the vascular system, presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management, particularly when arterial involvement occurs. This case report discusses a 50-year-old patient with Behçet's disease, highlighting the importance of recognizing and addressing arterial complications. The patient, diagnosed with bipolar aphthosis at 49, developed deep venous thrombosis and bilateral panuveitis, showing improvement with corticosteroids, azathioprine, and anticoagulation. A subsequent presentation a year later included deep vein thrombosis, loss of consciousness, and paraparesis, alongside mouth ulcers. Cerebral-medullary MRI revealed inflammatory arterial stenoses and tuberculous spondylodiscitis. A coincidental discovery of pulmonary embolism complicated therapeutic options, with satisfactory evolution following treatment. Discussion emphasizes the intricate nature of Behçet's disease, known for systemic and vascular involvement, especially in arteries. The rarity of cerebral arterial manifestations underscores the need for heightened awareness to diverse morphological presentations. Managing arterial complications requires a tailored therapeutic strategy, balancing immunosuppression and potential risks. Collaborative efforts among specialists are crucial for refining treatment approaches and improving outcomes. In conclusion, this case report underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing arterial complications in Behçet's disease for effective management. Continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential to enhance our understanding and refine therapeutic interventions for this complex systemic disorder.