犯罪记录的问题:州政府报告与私营部门背景调查之间的差异

IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
Sarah Lageson, Robert Stewart
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引用次数: 0

摘要

犯罪记录通常被雇主和其他机构的决策者所使用,他们依靠犯罪记录的假定真实性来评估求职者。我们分析了 101 人的犯罪记录样本,比较了州官方报告、两种私营部门背景调查来源(一种受联邦法律监管,一种不受联邦法律监管)以及定性访谈。根据我们的分析,私营部门的背景调查存在大量假阳性和假阴性错误:60% 和 50% 的参与者在受监管和不受监管的背景调查中至少出现过一次假阳性错误,几乎所有参与者(分别为 90% 和 92%)都至少出现过一次假阴性错误。我们定义了私营部门犯罪记录的具体问题:不匹配的数据会造成假阴性,缺失的案件处理会造成不完整和误导性的犯罪记录,以及不正确的数据会造成假阳性。随附的定性访谈显示了背景调查中的错误如何限制了从就业、教育到住房的社会机会,并违反了法律制度中的基本公平原则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private-sector background checks

The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private-sector background checks

Criminal records are routinely used by employers and other institutional decision-makers who rely on their presumed fidelity to evaluate applicants. We analyze criminal records for a sample of 101 people, comparing official state reports, two sources of private-sector background checks (one regulated and one unregulated by federal law), and qualitative interviews. Based on our analysis, private-sector background checks are laden with false-positive and false-negative errors: 60 percent and 50 percent of participants had at least one false-positive error on their regulated and unregulated background checks, and nearly all (90 percent and 92 percent of participants, respectively) had at least one false-negative error. We define specific problems with private-sector criminal records: mismatched data that create false negatives, missing case dispositions that create incomplete and misleading criminal records, and incorrect data that create false positives. Accompanying qualitative interviews show how errors in background checks limit access to social opportunities ranging from employment to education to housing and violate basic principles of fairness in the legal system.

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来源期刊
Criminology
Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Criminology is devoted to crime and deviant behavior. Disciplines covered in Criminology include: - sociology - psychology - design - systems analysis - decision theory Major emphasis is placed on empirical research and scientific methodology. Criminology"s content also includes articles which review the literature or deal with theoretical issues stated in the literature as well as suggestions for the types of investigation which might be carried out in the future.
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