The University of California Was Wrong to Abolish the SAT: Admissions When Affirmative Action Was Banned

I study student characteristics and academic performance at the University of California, where consideration of an applicant's ethnicity has been banned since 1996 and SAT scores were used in admitting students to the university until fall 2021. I show the following: (1) SAT scores were more important than high school grades in predicting first-year university GPA; (2) the use of SAT scores alone or with high school grades in determining admission is biased in favor of admitting underrepresented minorities and students who are socioeconomically disadvantaged; (3) SAT scores are more important and high school grades are less important in predicting GPA for underrepresented minorities and/or those students from low-income families than they are for those students who are white and/or from high-income families; and (4) the University of California found ways to admit a significant number of underrepresented minorities despite many of them having low SAT scores.