使用多模式统计和模糊-TOPSIS方法评估煤矿污染土壤的污染和健康风险

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 本研究评估了印度东部受煤矿开采影响的农业土壤中重金属(HMs)污染的浓度、概率风险、来源分类和膳食风险。对土壤和水稻植株的分析表明,受污染区域的重金属含量明显高于允许限值(1 号区域:108.24%;2 号区域:108.24%;3 号区域:108.24%;4 号区域:108.24%):土壤:108.24 ± 72.97 毫克/千克;土壤:57.26 ± 23.91 毫克/千克;土壤:8.44 ± 2.76 毫克/千克;土壤:180.05 ± 46.90 毫克/千克;土壤:70.79 ± 25.06 mg/kg;PbGrain:0.96 ± 0.8,CuGrain:8.6 ± 5.1,CdGrain:0.65 ± 0.42,CrGrain:4.78 ± 1.89,NiGrain:11.74 ± 4.38 mg/kg:PbSoil: 139.56 ± 69.46, CuSoil: 69.89 ± 19.86, CdSoil: 8.95 ± 2.57, CrSoil: 245.46 ± 70.66, NiSoil: 95.46 ± 22.89 mg/kg; PbGrain: 1.27 ± 0.84, CuGrain: 7.9 ± 4.57, CdGrain: 0.76 ± 0.43, CrGrain: 8.6 ± 1.58, NiGrain: 11.50 ± 2.46 mg/kg)。根据土壤和稻谷中的 HMs 浓度计算了致癌和非致癌健康风险,其中铅、铬和镍对人体健康的风险较高。采用蒙特卡罗模拟、无溶解度离子活度模型(FIAM)和严重程度调整暴露余量(SAMOE)来预测健康风险。镍、铬、镉和铅的无溶解度离子活度模型危险商数(HQ)值为 1,表明存在重大的非致癌风险。污染区的 SAMOE(风险温度计)结果从低风险到中度风险不等(CrSAMOE:0.05,NiSAMOE:0.03)。模糊-TOPSIS 和变量重要性图(来自随机森林)显示,镍和铬分别是造成水稻植株中毒的主要原因。用于来源分类的自组织图显示了所研究的 HMs 的共同来源,其中 2 区的污染程度最高。通过正矩阵因式分解模型进行来源分配,发现煤矿开采和运输是主要的 HMs 来源。空间分布分析表明,采矿点附近的污染程度高于远处的采样点。因此,这项研究将有助于环境科学家和政策制定者控制煤矿附近农业土壤中的 HMs 污染。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Appraisal of pollution and health risks associated with coal mine contaminated soil using multimodal statistical and Fuzzy-TOPSIS approaches

Abstract

The present study assesses the concentration, probabilistic risk, source classification, and dietary risk arising from heavy metal (HMs) pollution in agricultural soils affected by coal mining in eastern part of India. Analyses of soil and rice plant indicated significantly elevated levels of HMs beyond the permissible limit in the contaminated zones (zone 1: PbSoil: 108.24 ± 72.97, CuSoil: 57.26 ± 23.91, CdSoil: 8.44 ± 2.76, CrSoil: 180.05 ± 46.90, NiSoil: 70.79 ± 25.06 mg/kg; PbGrain: 0.96 ± 0.8, CuGrain: 8.6 ± 5.1, CdGrain: 0.65 ± 0.42, CrGrain: 4.78 ± 1.89, NiGrain: 11.74 ± 4.38 mg/kg. zone 2: PbSoil: 139.56 ± 69.46, CuSoil: 69.89 ± 19.86, CdSoil: 8.95 ± 2.57, CrSoil: 245.46 ± 70.66, NiSoil: 95.46 ± 22.89 mg/kg; PbGrain: 1.27 ± 0.84, CuGrain: 7.9 ± 4.57, CdGrain: 0.76 ± 0.43, CrGrain: 8.6 ± 1.58, NiGrain: 11.50 ± 2.46 mg/kg) compared to the uncontaminated zone (zone 3). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were computed based on the HMs concentration in the soil and rice grain, with Pb, Cr, and Ni identified as posing a high risk to human health. Monte Carlo simulation, the solubility-free ion activity model (FIAM), and severity adjusted margin of exposure (SAMOE) were employed to predict health risk. FIAM hazard quotient (HQ) values for Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb were > 1, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk. SAMOE (risk thermometer) results for contaminated zones ranged from low to moderate risk (CrSAMOE: 0.05, and NiSAMOE: 0.03). Fuzzy-TOPSIS and variable importance plots (from random forest) showed that Ni and Cr were mostly responsible for the toxicity in the rice plant, respectively. A self-organizing map for source classification revealed common origin for the studied HMs with zone 2 exhibiting the highest contamination. The positive matrix factorization model for the source apportionment identified coal mining and transportation as the predominant sources of HMs. Spatial distribution analysis indicated higher contamination near mining sites as compared to distant sampling sites. Consequently, this study will aid environmental scientists and policymakers controlling HM pollution in agricultural soils near coal mines.

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来源期刊
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
988
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) is an international journal for researchers interested in a wide range of environmental disciplines. The journal''s aim is to advance and disseminate knowledge in all main branches of environmental science & engineering. The journal emphasizes papers in developing fields, as well as papers showing the interaction between environmental disciplines and other disciplines. FESE is a bi-monthly journal. Its peer-reviewed contents consist of a broad blend of reviews, research papers, policy analyses, short communications, and opinions. Nonscheduled “special issue” and "hot topic", including a review article followed by a couple of related research articles, are organized to publish novel contributions and breaking results on all aspects of environmental field.
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