奥尔梅克地区和西部玛雅低地的天文学、建筑和景观:对了解中美洲区域变异性和方位模式演变的影响

IF 1.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY
Ivan Šprajc, Takeshi Inomata
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在墨西哥南部墨西哥湾沿岸地区,借助激光雷达数据,我们最近发现了大量以前没有记录的考古遗址,并确定了数百个结构和建筑群的方位,其中包括许多标准化的建筑群,其年代可追溯到形成期早期到中期的过渡时期。我们的分析表明,大多数方位都是根据天文和历法原理确定的,有时还结合了神圣地理学的某些概念。最近发表的一篇文章介绍了这些分析的结果,在此我们将探讨排列数据在解决其他考古相关问题方面的潜力。研究区域内特定建筑类型的分布和排列模式的地区差异表明,存在着两个在某种程度上不同的文化圈,大致相当于传统上所说的海湾奥尔梅克地区和西部玛雅低地。通过研究相关证据,我们认为中美洲后期建筑中一些最突出的方位群正是起源于该地区。我们还试图重建它们的传播路径,希望这有助于了解中美洲远距离文化互动的动态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Astronomy, Architecture, and Landscape in the Olmec Area and Western Maya Lowlands: Implications for Understanding Regional Variability and Evolution of Orientation Patterns in Mesoamerica
In the area along the southern Gulf Coast in Mexico, a large number of previously unrecorded archaeological sites have recently been detected with the aid of lidar data, which also allowed us to determine the orientations of hundreds of structures and architectural assemblages, including many standardized complexes dated to the Early-to-Middle Formative transition. As revealed by our analyses, most orientations were based on astronomical and calendrical principles, occasionally combined with certain concepts of sacred geography. While the results of these analyses were presented in a recently published article, here we explore the potential of alignment data for addressing other questions of archaeological relevance. The distribution of particular building types and regional variations in alignment patterns in the study area suggest the existence of two somehow different cultural spheres, loosely corresponding to the areas conventionally called the Gulf Olmec region and the western Maya Lowlands. Examining pertinent evidence, we argue that it was in this area where some of the most prominent orientation groups materialized in later Mesoamerican architecture originated. We also attempt to reconstruct the paths of their diffusion, which are expected to contribute to understanding the dynamics of long-distance cultural interaction in Mesoamerica.
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