A Case of Closure of Recurrent Full-Thickness Macular Hole by Spontaneous Retinal Detachment around the Macular Hole and Gas Tamponade.

Introduction: Here, we present a case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) recurrence following two vitrectomies, accompanied by additional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and gas tamponade. Ultimately, FTMH closure was accomplished by spontaneous retinal detachment around the macular hole and gas tamponade alone.

Case presentation: The patient, a 54-year-old woman with a lamellar macular hole, had a visual acuity of 20/100 in her left eye. The treatment regimen included cataract surgery, a 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy involving ILM peeling, application of the lamellar hole epiretinal proliferation embedding technique, and subsequent gas tamponade. Closure of the lamellar macular hole was observed a month post-surgery, improving visual acuity to 20/40. However, FTMH developed 3 months after the initial surgery, resulting in visual acuity decline to 20/100. A 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed with extensive ILM peeling and 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas tamponade. FTMH closure was noted within 19 days after reoperation, enhancing visual acuity to 20/66. Approximately 1.5 months after reoperation, a pinhole-shaped macular hole was identified, and the patient opted for follow-up observation due to her refusal to undergo additional surgery. As the macular hole gradually enlarged resembling retinal detachment, outpatient fluid-gas exchange with 14% perfluoropropane was performed 3.5 months after reoperation. The FTMH closed within a week post-gas injection and remained closed for more than 1 year. Consequently, visual acuity in the left eye was sustained at 20/50.

Conclusion: We encountered a case that might highlight the significance of releasing subretinal adhesions surrounding a FTMH for successful closure.