X-ray computed tomography analysis of lithium deposition in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries with carbon interlayers bonded through various processes

Lithium-metal anodes are promising electrodes for fabricating high-capacity all-solid-state batteries; however, lithium dendrite growth during charging limits their applicability. One method to suppress lithium dendrite growth is to insert a carbon interlayer between the solid electrolyte and the lithium-metal anode. There are many potential approaches for inserting a carbon interlayer. The optimal conditions for suppressing lithium dendrite growth and ensuring uniform lithium deposition have not yet been established. This study employs X-ray computed tomography to investigate anode-less all-solid-state batteries. Pressurized xenon is used to examine how the carbon interlayer functions and how uniformly lithium is deposited after various carbon interlayer insertion processes. Uniform deposition is observed following simultaneous pressure bonding of the carbon interlayer and compression of the solid electrolyte.