维持东部橡树林:火灾和地形对植被和燃料的协同效应。

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Todd F. Hutchinson, Bryce T. Adams, Matthew B. Dickinson, Maryjane Heckel, Alejandro A. Royo, Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在美国东部大部分地区,橡树林正在经历中生化,因为耐阴的竞争者越来越多,抑制了橡树的再生。鉴于人为地表火灾在促进橡树优势地位方面的历史作用,在扭转中生化和维持橡树的努力中,野火已变得非常重要。2000 年,我们建立了俄亥俄山火灾和火灾替代物(FFS)研究,以检验重复的规定火灾(Fire)、机械部分采伐(Mech)以及它们的联合应用(Mech + Fire)是否会降低树冠下中生竞争者的优势地位、增加大型橡树-山核桃提前再生的数量、创造更多样化和更高产的地层植物群,以及产生更有利于规定火灾的燃料床,从而降低高风险野火的风险。在此,我们报告了约 20 年来对植被和燃料的处理效果,并研究了在地形-水分和能量梯度上的交互效应。总的来说,我们发现火烧和机械+火烧的处理方法倾向于逆转中生化,而单纯的机械处理方法则没有。中等强度的火灾和偶尔强度较高的火灾所产生的影响最终在两种火灾处理之间非常相似,但在较干旱的地点,火灾的严重程度会随着地形的变化而增加。特别是,我们发现处理和地形对森林结构和树木再生反应的交互作用得到了支持。在所有地点条件下,火灾普遍降低了中层树和树苗层的中生树木密度,而在干旱和中等地形条件下,火灾却大大增加了大型橡树-山核桃树的先期再生数量。火灾还促进了地面层的多样性,并在所有地点条件下创造了成分独特的群落,主要是通过增加本地多年生草本植物的丰富度。然而,火灾对细小地表燃料负荷的影响有限,并增加了大型木质燃料的负荷,可能会增加干旱条件下发生严重野火的风险。我们得出的结论是,二十年的反复火灾,无论有无机械降低密度,都极大地改变了大部分地貌的中生化轨迹,尤其是在干旱和中间地带,突出了周期性火灾机制维持东部橡树林和促进植物多样性的能力,但会受到地形的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sustaining eastern oak forests: Synergistic effects of fire and topography on vegetation and fuels

Across much of the eastern United States, oak forests are undergoing mesophication as shade-tolerant competitors become more abundant and suppress oak regeneration. Given the historical role of anthropogenic surface fires in promoting oak dominance, prescribed fire has become important in efforts to reverse mesophication and sustain oaks. In 2000 we established the Ohio Hills Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) study to examine whether repeated prescribed fire (Fire), mechanical partial harvest (Mech), and their combined application (Mech + Fire) reduced the dominance of subcanopy mesophytic competitors, increased the abundance of large oak–hickory advance regeneration, created a more diverse and productive ground-layer flora, and produced fuel beds more conducive to prescribed fire, reducing the risk of high-severity wildfire. Here we report on the ~20-year effects of treatments on vegetation and fuels and examine the support for interactive effects across a topographic-moisture and energy gradient. In general, we found that Fire and Mech + Fire treatments tended to reverse mesophication while the Mech-only treatment did not. The moderate and occasionally high-intensity fires resulted in effects that were ultimately very similar between the two fire treatments but were modulated by topography with increasing fire severity on drier sites. In particular, we found support for an interaction effect between treatment and topography on forest structure and tree regeneration responses. Fire generally reduced mesophytic tree density in the midstory and sapling strata across all site conditions, while leading to substantial gains in the abundance of large oak–hickory advance regeneration on dry and intermediate landscape positions. Fire also promoted ground-layer diversity and created compositionally distinct communities across all site conditions, primarily through the increased richness of native perennial herbs. However, the fire had limited effects on fine surface fuel loading and increased the loading of large woody fuels, potentially increasing the risk of high-severity wildfire during drought conditions. We conclude that two decades of repeated fires, with and without mechanical density reduction, significantly shifted the trajectory of mesophication across most of the landscape, particularly on dry and intermediate sites, highlighting the capacity of a periodic fire regime to sustain eastern oak forests and promote plant diversity but modulated by topography.

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来源期刊
Ecological Applications
Ecological Applications 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
2.00%
发文量
268
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The pages of Ecological Applications are open to research and discussion papers that integrate ecological science and concepts with their application and implications. Of special interest are papers that develop the basic scientific principles on which environmental decision-making should rest, and those that discuss the application of ecological concepts to environmental problem solving, policy, and management. Papers that deal explicitly with policy matters are welcome. Interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged, as are short communications on emerging environmental challenges.
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