地中海饮食对预防心血管疾病的影响。

IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Miguel Á. Martínez-González , Aitor Hernández Hernández
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地中海饮食是预防心血管疾病的最佳循证模式。除了 2 项主要的随机二级预防试验(里昂心脏试验和 CORDIOPREV 试验)和 1 项一级预防试验(PREDIMED 试验)证明了这些益处外,还有大量前所未有的高质量前瞻性流行病学证据支持这些有益的效果。这种传统模式的关键要素是大量使用特级初榨橄榄油,多吃天然植物性食物(水果、蔬菜、坚果和豆类)和鱼类,同时减少加工肉类、红肉和超加工产品。用餐时适量饮用葡萄酒,最好是红葡萄酒,是这种传统模式的基本要素。虽然从地中海饮食中剔除葡萄酒的摄入量会降低其预防效果,但最近又有人怀疑即使少量或适量摄入任何酒精饮料也可能产生不良影响。一项新的西班牙大型试验 UNATI 将于 2024 年 6 月开始,它将随机抽取 10 000 名 50 至 75 岁的饮酒者,让他们选择戒酒或适量饮酒。UNATI 的目标是用最好的证据来回答这些疑问。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effect of the Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular prevention

The Mediterranean diet is the best evidence-based model for cardiovascular prevention. In addition to 2 major randomized secondary prevention trials (Lyon Heart and CORDIOPREV) and 1 primary prevention trial (PREDIMED) that have demonstrated these benefits, there is an unprecedented body of high-quality prospective epidemiological evidence supporting these beneficial effects. The key elements of this traditional pattern are the abundant use of extra-virgin olive oil and high consumption of foods of natural plant-based origin (fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes) and fish, along with a reduction in processed meats, red meats, and ultraprocessed products. Moderate consumption of wine, preferably red wine, with meals is an essential element of this traditional pattern. Although removing wine consumption from the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduction in its preventive efficacy, doubts have recently arisen about the possible adverse effect of even low or moderate intake of any alcoholic beverages. A new large Spanish trial, UNATI, which will begin in June 2024, will randomize 10 000 drinkers aged 50 to 75 years to abstention or moderate consumption. UNATI aims to answer these doubts with the best possible evidence.

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CiteScore
7.70
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