Fatty Acid Profile of Juvenile Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus Complex) from Natural Ecosystems and Aquaculture

Significant differences in the fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of juvenile Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the natural habitat (Lake Sobach’e) and aquaculture, as well as juveniles of the anadromous form of char (malma) Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792) from the Avacha River were found. The observed differences between aquaculture and wild juvenile char were associated with different food sources. The muscle tissue of juvenile char from natural habitat was characterized by significantly higher levels of fatty acids–biomarkers of diatoms, as well as biomarkers of marine copepods in the anadromous form. In the fatty acid composition of juvenile char from aquaculture, significantly higher levels of linoleic acid were revealed, as well as long-chain monounsaturated acids, the source of which could be aquaculture feed. The identified differences did not have a significant effect on the content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the muscle tissue of juvenile aquaculture and wild char. The content of biochemically valuable omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in juvenile char from natural ecosystems and aquaculture was similar.