Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome in the Setting of Relapsing Polychondritis with Concurrent Sjogren's Syndrome: A Case Report.

Purpose: Ophthalmic manifestations of varying severity are often associated with systemic autoimmune conditions. Superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) is a rare cranial neuropathy affecting nerves passing through the superior orbital fissure that causes a distinctive pattern of extraocular and pupillary findings. We report the coexistence of SOFS, relapsing polychondritis (RP) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in a 52-year-old female who presented with a past medical history of hypothyroidism, Raynaud's syndrome, and intermittent dry mouth and a 1-week history of worsening chemosis, proptosis, diplopia, and painful ophthalmoplegia.

Methods: Following a comprehensive eye examination, the patient underwent a CT head with contrast, MRI of the orbit, lumbar puncture, and laboratory investigations.

Results: CT and MRI examination revealed inflammatory standing in periorbital subcutaneous soft tissues and bilateral exophthalmos with right intraconal fat stranding surrounding the intraorbital and intracanalicular segments of the nerve, respectively. Lumbar puncture and laboratory investigations revealed an elevation in inflammatory biomarkers, a negative infectious workup, and ruled in SS when considering her history alongside a positive Schirmer test. She was started on high-dose steroids, which led to significant improvement; however, treatment revealed type 2 diabetes, necessitating a faster steroid taper, during which there was a reoccurrence of scleritis and ophthalmoplegia, leading to the initiation of rituximab infusions. After completing rituximab course, she was transitioned back to steroid therapy and was successfully tapered without event.

Conclusion: This case is notable for the rare coexistence of SOFS with RP/SS overlap syndrome and highlights the management of concurrent orbital inflammatory syndrome and autoimmune diseases.