多动症的性别差异:回顾与未来研究重点。

IF 5.5 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Current Psychiatry Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI:10.1007/s11920-024-01492-6
Dara E Babinski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

审查目的:在儿童时期,男性被诊断为注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的频率是女性的 3 到 16 倍,但在成年后,男性和女性被诊断为注意力缺陷/多动障碍的人数几乎相当。尽管性别差异可能对女性和男性多动症的识别和治疗有重要影响,但优先研究多动症性别差异的研究相对较少。本综述重点介绍了目前关于多动症在整个生命周期中的性别差异的研究,这些研究来自于对青少年的横断面和前瞻性纵向研究、成人确定样本以及登记研究:不断积累的研究表明,患有多动症的男性和女性在整个生命周期中都会出现广泛的障碍。一些性别差异的证据已经出现,尽管影响一般不大。需要继续开展包括女性和男性多动症患者在内的研究,以明确多动症性别差异的本质。研究的重点必须放在公平识别男性和女性多动症、区分性别影响、探究性别差异的潜在机制以及解决多动症性别差异的临床影响等方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sex Differences in ADHD: Review and Priorities for Future Research.

Purpose of review: In childhood, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed three to 16 times more frequently in males compared to females, yet in adulthood, nearly equivalent numbers of males and females are diagnosed with ADHD. Relatively few studies have prioritized examination of sex differences in ADHD even though sex differences may have critical implications for the identification and treatment of ADHD in females and males. This review highlights current research on sex differences in ADHD across the lifespan that has emerged from cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal studies of youth, adult-ascertained samples, and registry studies.

Recent findings: Accumulating research suggests that both males and females with ADHD experience widespread impairment across the lifespan. Some evidence of sex differences emerged, although effects have generally been modest in size. Continued research that includes females and males with ADHD is needed to clarify the nature of sex differences in ADHD. Research that focuses on equitable identification of ADHD in males and females, disentangles the effects of sex and gender, probes underlying mechanisms of sex differences, and addresses the clinical impact of sex differences in ADHD must be prioritized.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.30
自引率
3.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal aims to review the most important, recently published research in psychiatry. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care of those affected by psychiatric disorders. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as anxiety, medicopsychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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