人类骨病的临床前啮齿动物模型,包括皮质骨。

IF 22 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Natalie Y Y Koh, Justyna J Miszkiewicz, Mary Louise Fac, Natalie K Y Wee, Natalie A Sims
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引用次数: 0

摘要

临床前模型(通常是切除卵巢的大鼠和基因改变的小鼠)为我们了解骨骼生物学奠定了基础。它们在开发骨质疏松症和单基因骨骼疾病(包括成骨不全症、软骨发育不全症、软骨发育不全症和颅骨发育不全症)的疗法方面发挥了关键作用。要取得进一步的治疗进展,尤其是改善皮质强度,就必须加深了解并更严格地使用和报告。我们在此描述小鼠、大鼠和人类骨小梁和骨皮质结构是如何发育、维持和随着年龄增长而退化的,以及在内分泌疾病(如绝经后骨质疏松症、慢性肾病、甲状旁腺功能亢进、糖尿病)的临床前模型中骨皮质结构是如何变化的。我们将举例说明用于确定和测试当前骨质疏松症疗法的临床前模型,并讨论将啮齿动物临床前模型与人体骨骼进行比较时常见的问题。我们尤其关注皮质骨,因为小型哺乳动物和大型哺乳动物的皮质骨在组织结构上有所不同。我们讨论了小鼠和人类控制皮质骨强度和结构的共同机制,包括最近揭示了生长、成熟和老化过程中皮质孔隙率和骨细胞网络配置的遗传因素。最后,我们提出了明确报告小鼠模型的指导原则,目的是更好地统一这些模型的使用和解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Preclinical Rodent Models for Human Bone Disease, Including a Focus on Cortical Bone.

Preclinical models (typically ovariectomized rats and genetically altered mice) have underpinned much of what we know about skeletal biology. They have been pivotal for developing therapies for osteoporosis and monogenic skeletal conditions, including osteogenesis imperfecta, achondroplasia, hypophosphatasia, and craniodysplasias. Further therapeutic advances, particularly to improve cortical strength, require improved understanding and more rigorous use and reporting. We describe here how trabecular and cortical bone structure develop, are maintained, and degenerate with aging in mice, rats, and humans, and how cortical bone structure is changed in some preclinical models of endocrine conditions (eg, postmenopausal osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes). We provide examples of preclinical models used to identify and test current therapies for osteoporosis, and discuss common concerns raised when comparing rodent preclinical models to the human skeleton. We focus especially on cortical bone, because it differs between small and larger mammals in its organizational structure. We discuss mechanisms common to mouse and human controlling cortical bone strength and structure, including recent examples revealing genetic contributors to cortical porosity and osteocyte network configurations during growth, maturity, and aging. We conclude with guidelines for clear reporting on mouse models with a goal for better consistency in the use and interpretation of these models.

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来源期刊
Endocrine reviews
Endocrine reviews 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
42.00
自引率
1.00%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Endocrine Reviews, published bimonthly, features concise timely reviews updating key mechanistic and clinical concepts, alongside comprehensive, authoritative articles covering both experimental and clinical endocrinology themes. The journal considers topics informing clinical practice based on emerging and established evidence from clinical research. It also reviews advances in endocrine science stemming from studies in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, neuroscience, reproductive medicine, and pediatric endocrinology.
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