犬科动物争夺苔原上的北极狐巢穴

IF 10 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Sean M Johnson-Bice, Chloé Warret Rodrigues, James D Roth
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对于北极苔原上的犬科动物来说,产窝可能是一种限制性资源,因为冰冻的地面阻碍了它们在春季挖掘洞穴。在加拿大丘吉尔附近,北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)创建的苔原巢穴已经变成了生态热点(Sci Rep 2016; doi.org/10.1038/srep24020)。然而,在对这些巢穴进行多年监测的过程中,我们观察到赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)和灰狼(Canis lupus)也在争夺这些巢穴。从三月到四月中旬,这个洞穴先被一对红狐占据,然后在五月被一对北极狐占据。但 6 月初一只赤狐的回归导致了两种狐狸之间的对立,如图所示。与此同时,在其中一种狐狸占领的动荡时期,狼也经常光顾这个洞穴,从五月中旬到六月中旬,至少有七次光顾记录在案。在拍摄到狼照片的当天,所有三种犬科动物都在 6 个小时内被镜头观察到出现在同一个巢穴。最终,尽管这对北极狐进行了积极的防御,但赤狐是最后一个被观察到使用该巢穴的犬科动物。几十年来,该地区北极狐的数量持续下降,这主要是由于气候引起的猎物可用性和丰度的变化(Oecologia 2023;doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05418-6)。随着气候变化的加剧,这些由北极狐创造的热点地区的长期命运将会如何?像图中这样的对抗性相互作用可能预示着北极狐巢穴的缓慢更替,即被更大型、更占优势的竞争者占据,这种竞争者通常与低北极苔原边界的北方森林斑块有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Canid competition for Arctic fox dens on the tundra

Canid competition for Arctic fox dens on the tundra

Natal dens can be a limiting resource for canids on the Arctic tundra, as frozen ground inhibits easy burrow excavation during the spring. Near Churchill, Canada, tundra dens created by Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) have transformed into ecological hotspots (Sci Rep 2016; doi.org/10.1038/srep24020). However, while monitoring these dens for many years, we have observed that both red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and gray wolves (Canis lupus) are also competing for these sites.

In spring 2021, one den became the site of a fierce canid competition. The den figuratively switched “paws” between both fox species, first being occupied by a pair of red foxes from March through mid-April, then by a pair of Arctic foxes in May. But the return of a red fox in early June led to antagonism between the two fox species, pictured here. Simultaneously, during the volatile period of occupation by one or the other fox species, wolves regularly visited this den, with at least seven visits documented from mid-May to mid-June. On the day that the wolf photograph was captured, all three canid species were observed on camera at the same den within 6 hours of each other. Eventually, the red fox was the last observed canid using the den, despite aggressive defenses from the Arctic fox pair.

Arctic fox abundance in this area has declined steadily for several decades, largely due to climate-induced changes in prey availability and abundance (Oecologia 2023; doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05418-6). As climate change progresses, what will be the long-term fate of these Arctic fox–created hotspots? Antagonistic interactions like those pictured here may foreshadow a slow turnover of Arctic fox dens toward occupation by larger, more dominant competitors typically associated with patches of boreal forest at the low-Arctic tundra border.

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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
18.30
自引率
1.00%
发文量
128
审稿时长
9-18 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is a publication by the Ecological Society of America that focuses on the significance of ecology and environmental science in various aspects of research and problem-solving. The journal covers topics such as biodiversity conservation, ecosystem preservation, natural resource management, public policy, and other related areas. The publication features a range of content, including peer-reviewed articles, editorials, commentaries, letters, and occasional special issues and topical series. It releases ten issues per year, excluding January and July. ESA members receive both print and electronic copies of the journal, while institutional subscriptions are also available. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is highly regarded in the field, as indicated by its ranking in the 2021 Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate Analytics. The journal is ranked 4th out of 174 in ecology journals and 11th out of 279 in environmental sciences journals. Its impact factor for 2021 is reported as 13.789, which further demonstrates its influence and importance in the scientific community.
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