A MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-dominated bioelectric responsive and multifunctional Nanoplatform accelerating maxillofacial soft tissue defect repair

Promoting wound repair by external electric field is a proved effective adjuvant but with single effect and needs additional devices. We designed a MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x)-dominated electroactive nanoplatform (named as PM) which could respond to the natural physiological electric signals in the wound site and convert them into microcurrents of multi-intensity. MXene optimized the electrical properties of nanoplatform with charged surface, superior electrical conductivity and permittivity. In vitro studies have demonstrated that PM promotes the activity of functional cells associated with wound repair. In vivo results displayed its promotion equivalent to the applied electric field on both skin and oral mucosal wounds repair by accelerating collagen formation, vascularization and re-epithelization. It was the first time for biomaterials to response to and regulate bio-electric stimulation without external power source, making use of electric signals from the wound itself. This microenvironment-responsive PM with multifunctionality is a promising curative design for maxillofacial soft tissues defects repair.