农田恢复梯度上鸟类群落组成的时间动态变化

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Angie Haslem, Rohan H. Clarke, Alex C. Maisey, Alistair Stewart, James Q. Radford, Andrew F. Bennett
{"title":"农田恢复梯度上鸟类群落组成的时间动态变化","authors":"Angie Haslem,&nbsp;Rohan H. Clarke,&nbsp;Alex C. Maisey,&nbsp;Alistair Stewart,&nbsp;James Q. Radford,&nbsp;Andrew F. Bennett","doi":"10.1002/eap.2947","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Revegetation plantings are a key activity in farmland restoration and are commonly assumed to support biotic communities that, with time, replicate those of reference habitats. Restoration outcomes, however, can be highly variable and difficult to predict; hence there is value in quantifying restoration success to improve future efforts. We test the expectation that, over time, revegetation will restore bird communities to match those in reference habitats; and assess whether specific planting attributes enhance restoration success. We surveyed birds in 255 sites in south-east Australia, arranged along a restoration gradient encompassing three habitat types: unrestored farmland (paddocks), revegetation plantings (comprising a chronosequence up to 52 years old) and reference habitats (remnant native vegetation). Surveys were undertaken in 2006/2007 and again in 2019, with data used to compare bird assemblages between habitat types. We also determined whether, in the intervening 12 years, bird communities in revegetation had shifted toward reference habitats on the restoration gradient. Our results showed that each habitat contained a unique bird community and that, over time, assemblages in revegetation diverged away from those in unrestored farmland and converged toward those in reference habitats. Two planting attributes influenced this transition: the bird assemblages of revegetation were more likely to have diverged away from those of unrestored farmland (with scattered mature trees) 12 years later if they were located in areas with more surrounding tree cover, and were mostly ungrazed by livestock (compared with grazed plantings). Our results highlight three key ways in which revegetation contributes to farmland restoration: (1) by supporting richer and more diverse bird assemblages than unrestored farmland, (2) by enhancing beta diversity in rural landscapes through the addition of a unique bird community, and (3) by shifting bird assemblages toward those found in reference habitats over time. However, revegetation plantings did not replicate reference habitats by ~40–50 years in our region, and complete convergence may take centuries. These findings have implications for environmental offset programs and mean that effective conservation in farmland environments depends on the retention and protection of natural and seminatural habitats as a parallel management strategy to complement restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55168,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Applications","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.2947","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Temporal dynamics in the composition of bird communities along a gradient of farmland restoration\",\"authors\":\"Angie Haslem,&nbsp;Rohan H. Clarke,&nbsp;Alex C. Maisey,&nbsp;Alistair Stewart,&nbsp;James Q. Radford,&nbsp;Andrew F. Bennett\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/eap.2947\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Revegetation plantings are a key activity in farmland restoration and are commonly assumed to support biotic communities that, with time, replicate those of reference habitats. Restoration outcomes, however, can be highly variable and difficult to predict; hence there is value in quantifying restoration success to improve future efforts. We test the expectation that, over time, revegetation will restore bird communities to match those in reference habitats; and assess whether specific planting attributes enhance restoration success. We surveyed birds in 255 sites in south-east Australia, arranged along a restoration gradient encompassing three habitat types: unrestored farmland (paddocks), revegetation plantings (comprising a chronosequence up to 52 years old) and reference habitats (remnant native vegetation). Surveys were undertaken in 2006/2007 and again in 2019, with data used to compare bird assemblages between habitat types. We also determined whether, in the intervening 12 years, bird communities in revegetation had shifted toward reference habitats on the restoration gradient. Our results showed that each habitat contained a unique bird community and that, over time, assemblages in revegetation diverged away from those in unrestored farmland and converged toward those in reference habitats. Two planting attributes influenced this transition: the bird assemblages of revegetation were more likely to have diverged away from those of unrestored farmland (with scattered mature trees) 12 years later if they were located in areas with more surrounding tree cover, and were mostly ungrazed by livestock (compared with grazed plantings). Our results highlight three key ways in which revegetation contributes to farmland restoration: (1) by supporting richer and more diverse bird assemblages than unrestored farmland, (2) by enhancing beta diversity in rural landscapes through the addition of a unique bird community, and (3) by shifting bird assemblages toward those found in reference habitats over time. However, revegetation plantings did not replicate reference habitats by ~40–50 years in our region, and complete convergence may take centuries. These findings have implications for environmental offset programs and mean that effective conservation in farmland environments depends on the retention and protection of natural and seminatural habitats as a parallel management strategy to complement restoration.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55168,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecological Applications\",\"volume\":\"34 2\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-02-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.2947\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecological Applications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.2947\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecological Applications","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.2947","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

植被重建是农田恢复的一项关键活动,通常被认为能支持生物群落,随着时间的推移,这些群落会复制参照生境的生物群落。然而,恢复的结果可能变化很大,而且难以预测;因此,量化恢复的成功率对改进未来的工作很有价值。我们测试了随着时间的推移,重新植被将使鸟类群落恢复到与参考栖息地一致的预期;并评估了特定的种植属性是否会提高恢复的成功率。我们在澳大利亚东南部的 255 个地点进行了鸟类调查,这些地点沿恢复梯度排列,包括三种栖息地类型:未经恢复的农田(围场)、重新植被种植区(包括长达 52 年的时间序列)和参照栖息地(残存的本地植被)。调查于 2006/2007 年进行,并于 2019 年再次进行,数据用于比较不同生境类型之间的鸟类组合。我们还确定了在这 12 年间,重新植被中的鸟类群落是否向恢复梯度上的参照栖息地转移。我们的结果表明,每种栖息地都有独特的鸟类群落,随着时间的推移,重新植被中的鸟类群落与未修复农田中的鸟类群落发生了分化,并向参照栖息地中的鸟类群落靠拢。有两个种植属性影响了这一转变:如果植被重建区位于周围树木覆盖较多的区域,并且大部分没有牲畜放牧(与放牧种植区相比),那么 12 年后植被重建区的鸟类群落更有可能脱离未修复农田(有零星成龄树木)的鸟类群落。我们的研究结果凸显了植被重建对农田恢复的三个主要贡献:(1)与未修改的农田相比,植被重建支持了更丰富、更多样的鸟类群落;(2)通过增加独特的鸟类群落,提高了乡村景观的贝塔多样性;(3)随着时间的推移,鸟类群落向参照栖息地的鸟类群落转变。然而,在我们地区,重新植被种植并没有在 40-50 年内复制参考栖息地,完全趋同可能需要几个世纪的时间。这些发现对环境补偿计划有一定的影响,并意味着农田环境的有效保护取决于对自然和半自然栖息地的保留和保护,这是补充恢复的平行管理策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Temporal dynamics in the composition of bird communities along a gradient of farmland restoration

Temporal dynamics in the composition of bird communities along a gradient of farmland restoration

Revegetation plantings are a key activity in farmland restoration and are commonly assumed to support biotic communities that, with time, replicate those of reference habitats. Restoration outcomes, however, can be highly variable and difficult to predict; hence there is value in quantifying restoration success to improve future efforts. We test the expectation that, over time, revegetation will restore bird communities to match those in reference habitats; and assess whether specific planting attributes enhance restoration success. We surveyed birds in 255 sites in south-east Australia, arranged along a restoration gradient encompassing three habitat types: unrestored farmland (paddocks), revegetation plantings (comprising a chronosequence up to 52 years old) and reference habitats (remnant native vegetation). Surveys were undertaken in 2006/2007 and again in 2019, with data used to compare bird assemblages between habitat types. We also determined whether, in the intervening 12 years, bird communities in revegetation had shifted toward reference habitats on the restoration gradient. Our results showed that each habitat contained a unique bird community and that, over time, assemblages in revegetation diverged away from those in unrestored farmland and converged toward those in reference habitats. Two planting attributes influenced this transition: the bird assemblages of revegetation were more likely to have diverged away from those of unrestored farmland (with scattered mature trees) 12 years later if they were located in areas with more surrounding tree cover, and were mostly ungrazed by livestock (compared with grazed plantings). Our results highlight three key ways in which revegetation contributes to farmland restoration: (1) by supporting richer and more diverse bird assemblages than unrestored farmland, (2) by enhancing beta diversity in rural landscapes through the addition of a unique bird community, and (3) by shifting bird assemblages toward those found in reference habitats over time. However, revegetation plantings did not replicate reference habitats by ~40–50 years in our region, and complete convergence may take centuries. These findings have implications for environmental offset programs and mean that effective conservation in farmland environments depends on the retention and protection of natural and seminatural habitats as a parallel management strategy to complement restoration.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Ecological Applications
Ecological Applications 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
2.00%
发文量
268
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The pages of Ecological Applications are open to research and discussion papers that integrate ecological science and concepts with their application and implications. Of special interest are papers that develop the basic scientific principles on which environmental decision-making should rest, and those that discuss the application of ecological concepts to environmental problem solving, policy, and management. Papers that deal explicitly with policy matters are welcome. Interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged, as are short communications on emerging environmental challenges.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信