自闭症谱系障碍青少年的视觉预测能力是否受损?提示性视觉 GO/NOGO 任务中的事件相关电位。

Clinical EEG and neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI:10.1177/15500594241227974
Linda A Häger, Anne L Høyland, Juri D Kropotov, Jakob Åsberg Johnels, Benhard Weidle, Stig Hollup, Christopher Gillberg, Eva Billstedt, Geir Ogrim
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者的视觉处理出现异常,表现为视觉事件相关电位(ERP)的 P1 和 P2 分量下降。这种改变被归因于贝叶斯推理的失败,其特点是自上而下的预测能力激活不足。为了验证这一假设,我们测量了视觉负性(vN),作为视觉准备的ERP指数,假设它反映了预测性大脑活动。研究方法将 63 名患有 ASD(智商大于 70,不包括注意力缺陷多动障碍)的青少年在诱导视觉 GO/NOGO 任务中的 ERP 与 60 名性别和年龄匹配的典型发育(TD)对照组的 ERP 进行比较。结果显示行为变量(遗漏、委托、反应时间和反应时间变异性)以及反映认知控制等过程的ERP成分(或然性负变异、P3 GO、P3 NOGO、N2 NOGO)在组间没有差异。以视觉为基础的 ERP 存在组间差异。除了 P1 和 P2 的差异外,vN 分量以最高的效应大小(d = 0.74)区分了两组:这项ERP研究为贝叶斯低预测可能是ASD患者独特感知体验的基础这一假设提供了支持。这可能会导致他们在感知世界的过程中,受到语境线索、先前经验和已有预期的影响和调节减弱。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Is Visual Prediction Impaired in Adolescents with Autism spectrum Disorder? Event-Related Potentials in a Cued Visual GO/NOGO Task.

Aim: Deviant visual processing has been observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), manifesting as decreased P1 and P2 components of visual event-related potentials (ERPs). Alterations have been attributed to a failure of Bayesian inference, characterized by hypo-activation of top-down predictive abilities. To test this hypothesis, we measured the visual negativity (vN) as an ERP index of visual preparation hypothesized to mirror predictive brain activity. Method: ERPs in a cued visual GO/NOGO task in 63 adolescents with ASD (IQ > 70, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder excluded) were compared with ERPs in a sex- and age-matched group of 60 typically developing (TD) controls. Results: The behavioral variables (omissions, commissions, reaction time, and reaction time variability), as well as ERP components reflecting, among other processes, cognitive control (contingent negative variation, P3 GO, P3 NOGO, N2 NOGO) did not differ between the groups. There were group differences in visually based ERPs. Besides P1 and P2 differences, the vN component differentiated the 2 groups with the highest effect size (d  =  0.74).Conclusion: This ERP study lends support to the hypothesis suggesting that a Bayesian hypo-prediction could underlie unique perceptual experiences in individuals with ASD. This could lead to a predisposition to perceive the world with reduced influence and modulation from contextual cues, prior experiences, and pre-existing expectations.

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