2020 年 9 月美国西部极端天气事件的气象和影响

IF 6.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Emma N. Russell , Paul C. Loikith , Idowu Ajibade , James M. Done , Chris Lower
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2020 年 9 月,北美西部受到了一次极为反常的气象事件的影响。在西北太平洋地区,强劲而干燥的东风超过了历史上在该季节观测到的数值,导致几场大规模野火迅速蔓延。俄勒冈州有 9 人丧生,5000 多所房屋和企业被毁。火灾发生后,大火产生的浓烟笼罩了整个地区近两周。与此同时,同一天气系统给落基山脉的部分地区带来了破纪录的寒冷、24 小时急剧下降的气温和季初降雪。在这里,我们利用同步分析和空气包裹后向轨迹来建立对这一极端事件的基于过程的理解,并将其置于气候学背景中。主要的大气驱动因素是持续数天的高度放大的 500 hPa 对流层波模式的快速发展。波型西侧出现了破纪录的高压脊,东侧出现了破纪录的低压槽。随着波列的扩大,出现了一次明显的反气旋罗斯比破波事件。空气包裹后向轨迹显示,西北太平洋上空的干燥空气源自对流层中层,并通过下沉下降到地表,加剧了火灾危险。与此同时,在地表附近高纬度空气强力输送的推动下,落基山脉东侧气温急剧下降。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The meteorology and impacts of the September 2020 Western United States extreme weather event

In September 2020, Western North America was impacted by a highly anomalous meteorological event. Over the Pacific Northwest, strong and dry easterly winds exceeded historically observed values for the time of year and contributed to the rapid spread of several large wildfires. Nine lives were lost and over 5000 homes and businesses were destroyed in Oregon. The smoke from the fires enveloped the region for nearly two weeks after the event. Concurrently, the same weather system brought record-breaking cold, dramatic 24-h temperature falls, and early-season snowfall to parts of the Rocky Mountains. Here we use synoptic analysis and air parcel backward trajectories to build a process-based understanding of this extreme event and to put it in a climatological context. The primary atmospheric driver was the rapid development of a highly amplified 500 hPa tropospheric wave pattern that persisted for several days. A record-breaking ridge of high pressure characterized the western side of the wave pattern with a record-breaking trough of low pressure to the east. A notable anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking event occurred as the wave train amplified. Air parcel backward trajectories show that dry air over the Pacific Northwest, which exacerbated the fire danger, originated in the mid-troposphere and descended through subsidence to the surface. At the same time, dramatic temperature falls were recorded along the east side of the Rocky Mountains, driven by strong transport of high-latitude air near the surface.

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来源期刊
Weather and Climate Extremes
Weather and Climate Extremes Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
7.50%
发文量
102
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍: Weather and Climate Extremes Target Audience: Academics Decision makers International development agencies Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Civil society Focus Areas: Research in weather and climate extremes Monitoring and early warning systems Assessment of vulnerability and impacts Developing and implementing intervention policies Effective risk management and adaptation practices Engagement of local communities in adopting coping strategies Information and communication strategies tailored to local and regional needs and circumstances
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