简化提出极性问题的证据条件

Daniel Goodhue
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在极性问题语义学的经典论述中,像 "莫唱歌了吗?"这样的正极性问题、像 "莫没有唱歌吗?"这样的低否定问题和像 "莫没有唱歌吗?"这样的高否定问题都表示同一组答案:{莫唱歌了,莫没唱歌}。同时,众所周知,这三种问题类型具有不同的分布。特别是,它们对答案的上下文证据(即极性问题的证据条件)有着不同的要求。尽管对这一事实进行了广泛讨论,但尚未出现普遍接受的解释。在本文中,我提出了一个新颖的论点,即高否定度问题没有证据条件,因此只需要解释肯定和低否定度问题的条件。然后,我论证了可以根据标记性和信息结构的一般原则给出解释,甚至还能为正否定和低否定问题保留经典的{p, not-p}语义。我将讨论极性问题语义学的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Simplifying the evidential condition on asking polar questions
In classic accounts of polar question semantics, positive polar questions like "Did Mo sing?", low negation questions like "Did Mo not sing?", and high negation questions like "Didn't Mo sing?" all denote the same set of answers: {that Mo sang, that Mo didn’t sing}. At the same time, it is well known that these three question types have different distributions. In particular, they have different requirements with respect to contextual evidence for the answers, the Evidential Condition on polar questions. Despite widespread discussion of this fact, no universally accepted explanation has emerged. In this paper, I make the novel argument that high negation questions do not have an Evidential Condition, and so only the conditions for positive and low negation questions need to be explained. I then argue that an explanation can be given based on general principles of markedness and information structure, even while maintaining a classic {p, not-p} semantics for both positive and low negation questions. I discuss ramifications for polar question semantics.
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