牛造成的伤亡:法医概述。

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI:10.1007/s12024-024-00786-8
Roger W Byard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与牛互动造成的死亡事件可能是动物对简单的搬运和放牧的反应,也可能是对蓄意挑衅或诱导的反应,目的是煽动攻击性行为以达到公共娱乐的目的。死亡可以被认为是无缘无故和意料之外的,也可以被认为是受到挑衅和可预见的。牛在全球造成大量死亡,被认为是英国最危险的大型动物。即使是表面上温顺的驯养动物,其行为也可能难以预测,攻击可能是单只动物或牛群所为,造成的伤害包括脚踢、头部撞击/冲撞、踩踏、啃咬和挤压。颅面损伤可能涉及脊柱或头骨骨折,脑挫伤和撕裂伤,伴有蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下出血和硬膜外出血。胸部损伤的特点也是骨折,可能是多发性骨折,伴有胸部外翻、血气胸和气胸以及器官损伤。腹部和会阴部的损伤包括肠穿孔、脾破裂、会阴和阴道撕裂、尿道撕裂和撕脱以及膀胱和直肠穿孔。严重的血管损伤包括完全和部分横断及撕裂伤。生活在农村地区的男性最有可能遭遇致命伤害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Death and injuries caused by cattle: A forensic overview.

Death and injuries caused by cattle: A forensic overview.

Lethal episodes arising from interactions with cattle may be the result of a response of the animals to simple handling and herding, or from reactions to deliberate provocation or goading intended to incite aggressive behavior for public entertainment purposes. Deaths may be considered to be unprovoked and unanticipated, or provoked and predictable. Cattle cause significant numbers of deaths globally and are considered the most dangerous large animal in Britain. Behavior may be unpredictable even in apparently docile domesticated animals, and attacks may be by a single animal or a herd and result in injuries from kicking, head/butting/charging, stomping, goring, and crushing. Craniofacial injuries may involve fractures of the spine or skull with cerebral contusions and lacerations associated with subarachnoid, subdural, and extradural hemorrhages. Chest injuries are also characterized by fractures which may be multiple with flail chest, hemo- and pneumothoraces, and organ disruption. Injuries to the abdomen and perineum include intestinal perforations, splenic rupture, perineal and vaginal tears, urethral lacerations and avulsions, and bladder and rectal perforations. Significant vascular injuries include complete and partial transections and lacerations. Males living in rural areas are most at risk of a fatal encounter.

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来源期刊
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology MEDICINE, LEGAL-PATHOLOGY
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology encompasses all aspects of modern day forensics, equally applying to children or adults, either living or the deceased. This includes forensic science, medicine, nursing, and pathology, as well as toxicology, human identification, mass disasters/mass war graves, profiling, imaging, policing, wound assessment, sexual assault, anthropology, archeology, forensic search, entomology, botany, biology, veterinary pathology, and DNA. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology presents a balance of forensic research and reviews from around the world to reflect modern advances through peer-reviewed papers, short communications, meeting proceedings and case reports.
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