多态病毒与海洋嗜热古细菌建立稳定关系

Diana P Baquero, Eduardo A Bignon, Mart Krupovic
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引用次数: 0

摘要

具有包膜多形病毒的非溶解病毒(Pleolipoviridae 科)在全球各地的高盐环境中无处不在,几乎与所有主要的嗜卤古细菌系都有关联。然而,它们在其他生态系统中的存在情况在很大程度上仍不为人所知。在这里,我们发现与它们进化相关的病毒也会感染深海热液喷口中的嗜热古细菌。Archaeoglobus veneficus pleomorphic virus 1(AvPV1)是第一个被描述为古细菌类成员的病毒,它编码一个典型的多脂病毒形态发生模块,包括特征性的 VP4 样膜融合蛋白。我们的研究表明,AvPV1 是一种非溶解性病毒,可长期在液体培养物中产生,不会对宿主的生长动态产生实质性影响,病毒与宿主的比例稳定在 1 左右。通过比较基因组学和 VP4-like fusogens 的系统进化分析,我们发现感染嗜卤古菌、嗜甲烷古菌和嗜高热古菌的多形性病毒存在深度分化,这表明相应的病毒-宿主配对存在生态位分离和共同进化。因此,我们提出了一个新的病毒科 "Thalassapleoviridae",用于对海洋嗜热病毒 AvPV1 及其近亲进行分类。总之,我们的研究结果为了解超盐环境中多形性病毒的多样性和进化提供了启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pleomorphic viruses establish stable relationship with marine hyperthermophilic archaea
Non-lytic viruses with enveloped pleomorphic virions (family Pleolipoviridae) are ubiquitous in hypersaline environments across the globe and are associated with nearly all major lineages of halophilic archaea. However, their existence in other ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here, we show that evolutionarily related viruses also infect hyperthermophilic archaea thriving in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Archaeoglobus veneficus pleomorphic virus 1 (AvPV1), the first virus described for any member of the class Archaeoglobi, encodes a morphogenetic module typical of pleolipoviruses, including the characteristic VP4-like membrane fusion protein. We show that AvPV1 is a non-lytic virus chronically produced in liquid cultures without substantially affecting the growth dynamics of its host with a stable virus-to-host ratio of ~1. Mining of genomic and metagenomic databases revealed broad distribution of AvPV1-like viruses in geographically remote hydrothermal vents. Comparative genomics, coupled with phylogenetic analysis of VP4-like fusogens revealed deep divergence of pleomorphic viruses infecting halophilic, methanogenic, and hyperthermophilic archaea, signifying niche separation and coevolution of the corresponding virus-host pairs. Hence, we propose a new virus family, “Thalassapleoviridae”, for classification of the marine hyperthermophilic virus AvPV1 and its relatives. Collectively, our results provide insights into the diversity and evolution of pleomorphic viruses beyond hypersaline environments.
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