Facteurs de risque de lésions malpighiennes intra-épithéliale de haut grade ou de cancer du col de l’utérus en cas de maladie inflammatoire chronique de l’intestin

Introduction

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to increase the risk of high-grade histological intraepithelial lesions (HGIL) and cervical cancer. The risk factors for developing these lesions are poorly understood.

Materials and methods

This is a single-center retrospective case-control study including IBD patients followed at our University Hospital Center from 2011 to 2021 who presented with HGIL or cervical cancer. Four controls were case-matched according to IBD type, age, active smoking and multiparity.

Results

Eighteen cases and 72 controls were included. We found no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to mean age at IBD diagnosis, mean duration of IBD, IBD location, history of IBD-related surgery or even association with another chronic inflammatory disease. In our study, the use of immunosuppressants/biotherapies in these patients [50% (9/18) for cases vs. 56% (40/72) for controls; P = 0.9] was not a risk factor for IGRA or cervical cancer. Similarly, neither the total duration of exposure to immunosuppressants/biotherapies (9.9 ± 8 years for cases vs. 6.6 ± 5.3 years for controls; P = 0.1), nor combined therapies [11% (2/18) for cases vs. 6% (4/72) for controls; P = 0.3], nor azathioprine or methotrexate use [22% (4/18) for cases vs. 11% (8/72) for controls; P = 0.3] were found to be risk factors.

Conclusion

In our study, we found no risk factors for patients with IBD to develop IGRA or cervical cancer.