比较级中的半状语

Nicholas Fleisher
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这比我想象的要复杂得多。我们如何理解 realize 的补语在这样一个句子中的地位?根据 realize 作为认知事实谓词或半主动谓词的地位(Kiparsky & Kiparsky 1970;Karttunen 1971),这个补语必须与其基体环境保持什么样的关系?我认为,比较结构对阐明半实词的性质及其分句补语的语义-语用地位大有裨益。具体地说,我提出,半实词支持分级认知--对某些问题或议题的了解少于但不多于全部真相--同时要求其补语在信息上与矩阵环境一致,而不是预设为真。这幅图景与预设生成和预测的实用主义方法(比弗,2010 年;西蒙斯、比弗、罗伯茨和通豪斯,2017 年;德根和通豪斯,2022 年)自然吻合,并取决于对标度极性和方向的敏感性(肯尼迪,2001 年)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Semifactives in comparatives
This is more complicated than I realized. How are we to understand the status of realize's complement in a sentence like this? What sort of relationship must this complement bear to its matrix environment, in light of realize's status as a cognitive factive or semifactive predicate (Kiparsky & Kiparsky 1970; Karttunen 1971)? Comparative constructions, I suggest, do much to illuminate the nature of semifactives and the semantic–pragmatic status of their clausal complements. Specifically, I propose that semifactives support graded awareness—knowledge of something less, but not more, than the full truth with respect to some question or issue—while requiring that their complement be informationally consistent with the matrix environment, rather than presupposed true. The picture that emerges fits naturally with pragmatic approaches to presupposition generation and projection (Beaver 2010; Simons, Beaver, Roberts & Tonhauser 2017; Degen & Tonhauser 2022) and depends on sensitivity to scalar polarity and orientation (Kennedy 2001).
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