Heat transfer within nonequilibrium dense aluminum heated by a heavy ion beam

Energetic laser-accelerated ions can heat a small solid-density sample homogeneously to temperatures over 10,000 K in less than a nanosecond. During this brief heating time, the electron temperature of the sample rises first, and then the ion temperature increases owing to the heat transfer between the hot electrons and cold ions. Since energy deposition from the incident heavy ion beam continues concurrently with the electron-ion relaxation process within the heated sample, the electron and ion temperatures do not reach equilibrium until the end of the heating. Here we calculate the temperature evolutions of electrons and ions within a dense aluminum sample heated by a laser-accelerated gold ions using the two-temperature model. For these calculations, we use the published stopping power data, known electron-ion coupling factors, and the SESAME equation-of-state (EOS) table for aluminum. For the first time, we investigate the electron and ion temperature distributions within the warm dense aluminum sample and the heating uniformity throughout the entire heating period. We anticipate that knowledge of the temperature evolution during heating will allow for the study of the stopping power, thermal conductivity, EOS, and opacity of warm dense matter heated by an energetic heavy ion beam.